絳(jiang)(jiang)州(zhou)鼓樂(le)(le)(le)據史籍記載可追溯至初唐(tang)。619年(唐(tang)武德二年)十一月,李(li)世民(min)(min)(min)(min)率兵(bing)從龍門渡黃河,屯兵(bing)柏壁(bi)秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)堡,討(tao)伐劉武周(zhou)。新(xin)(xin)絳(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)還(huan)遺(yi)存著(zhu)李(li)世民(min)(min)(min)(min)屯兵(bing)柏壁(bi)時用的(de)(de)(de)擂(lei)鼓臺。據說(shuo)當時的(de)(de)(de)人們為慶(qing)祝秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)在(zai)各(ge)個戰役中(zhong)取得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)勝利(li),創作(zuo)了一部表現李(li)世民(min)(min)(min)(min)部隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)車輪聲(sheng)、馬蹄聲(sheng)、人喊馬叫聲(sheng),并具有(you)氣壯山(shan)河氣勢的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)曲(qu)(qu)(qu) 《秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)破陣(zhen)(zhen)樂(le)(le)(le)》。《舊(jiu)唐(tang)書·音樂(le)(le)(le)志(zhi)(zhi)》載:“自破陣(zhen)(zhen)舞(wu)以(yi)下,皆擂(lei)大鼓,雜(za)以(yi)龜茲之(zhi)(zhi)樂(le)(le)(le),聲(sheng)振百里,動蕩山(shan)谷。”秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)李(li)世民(min)(min)(min)(min)也因軍(jun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)為歌(ge)頌他而創作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)這首(shou)擂(lei)鼓喧(xuan)天的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)《秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)破陣(zhen)(zhen)樂(le)(le)(le)》感到自豪。李(li)世民(min)(min)(min)(min)繼任皇(huang)帝后,將(jiang)此曲(qu)(qu)(qu)調(diao)入宮中(zhong),凡遇大典(dian)盛(sheng)宴,無不(bu)表演(yan)這首(shou)燕樂(le)(le)(le)大曲(qu)(qu)(qu),以(yi)炫耀(yao)自己在(zai)滅隋(sui)建唐(tang)時的(de)(de)(de)功績。清朝(chao)《直(zhi)隸絳(jiang)(jiang)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)》曰:“歲時社(she)祭、夏(xia)冬兩季,又鄉鎮多(duo)香火,扮社(she)鼓演(yan)劇,招集販粥人甚便(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)。”民(min)(min)(min)(min)國(guo)時出版的(de)(de)(de)《新(xin)(xin)絳(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》也曾說(shuo):“每逢賽社(she)之(zhi)(zhi)期,必演(yan)劇數日,扮演(yan)各(ge)種故事,如(ru)鑼鼓。”新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成立至上(shang)世紀80年代中(zhong)期,絳(jiang)(jiang)州(zhou)鼓樂(le)(le)(le)一直(zhi)是當地民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)社(she)火中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)項目,也是祭祀、慶(qing)典(dian)、婚嫁和廟會活動中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)角。它還(huan)積(ji)累了《小秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)亂點兵(bing)》、《嘰呱啦(la)》、《廈坡(po)滾核桃》、《老虎磕牙》、《牛斗(dou)虎》等(deng)300余(yu)首(shou)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)牌(pai)。新(xin)(xin)絳(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)一直(zhi)流傳著(zhu)“北(bei)(bei)岸(an)的(de)(de)(de)棍,西岸(an)的(de)(de)(de)鞭,石坡(po)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)镲兒鐃(nao)得(de)(de)歡,八(ba)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)鑼鼓震破天”、“北(bei)(bei)行(xing)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)踩板扎得(de)(de)高,不(bu)如(ru)南行(xing)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)鼓兒敲得(de)(de)好”等(deng)俗語。
絳州鼓樂素有“地動山搖”、“聞聲十里(li)”之譽。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)中(zhong)最具代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)性。它(ta)所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)樂(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)多面形制(zhi)不同的(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現(xian)有(you)(you)十(shi)幾(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)敲奏(zou)技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa),即擊(ji)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、墨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘、蹭鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)面、打(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)幫、抽鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皮、磕鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)環、碰鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)、單(dan)(dan)槌(chui)滾(gun)、雙槌(chui)擂、槌(chui)相(xiang)搓(cuo)、槌(chui)相(xiang)擊(ji)、槌(chui)相(xiang)打(da)(da)(da)、捶相(xiang)挑。這些(xie)技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)構(gou)成絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)獨(du)特(te)的(de)地方(fang)色(se)彩(cai),這種(zhong)(zhong)地方(fang)色(se)彩(cai)與其(qi)獨(du)特(te)的(de)藝(yi)術風(feng)格(ge)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連。民間將絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)分三路(lu)(lu)(lu),各路(lu)(lu)(lu)各有(you)(you)常用(yong)(yong)曲目,南路(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)(you)《嘰(ji)呱啦》、《啦呱嘰(ji)》、《扎咚呱》等(deng),中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)(you)《釘缸》、《麻(ma)雀踩蛋》等(deng),北路(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)(you)《牛(niu)斗虎(hu)(hu)》、《鳳凰單(dan)(dan)展翅》、《獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)撩繡球》等(deng)。絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)大(da)(da)致可分為(wei)賽社鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩類。賽社鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦稱鬧年鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或社火(huo)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),主要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)賽社和春節(jie)期(qi)間的(de)社火(huo)活動(dong),含有(you)(you)清音鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(以(yi)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)套曲為(wei)主)和表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)中(zhong)有(you)(you)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)性表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)),是(shi)絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)。賽社鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)著(zhu)稱,花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又名花(hua)(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)慶鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),全(quan)套樂(le)(le)器(qi)只(zhi)有(you)(you)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、板(ban)兩類,無鐃(nao)鈸(ba),也無其(qi)他(ta)銅(tong)質(zhi)樂(le)(le)器(qi),所(suo)以(yi)俗稱干(gan)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),為(wei)新絳縣獨(du)有(you)(you)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)樂(le)(le)器(qi)共有(you)(you)28件,其(qi)中(zhong)24面扁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)24個節(jie)令,另有(you)(you)兩副夾板(ban)、兩副梆子(zi)(zi),分別象征(zheng)四獸:牛(niu)、虎(hu)(hu)、獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)、麒(qi)麟,取(qu)黃牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)忠、老虎(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)猛、獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)威、麒(qi)麟之(zhi)(zhi)祥,意求事(shi)事(shi)如(ru)意、年年豐(feng)收(shou)。夾板(ban)是(shi)拍(pai)板(ban)的(de)俗稱,現(xian)在惟(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)還保留了(le)拍(pai)板(ban)。鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)打(da)(da)(da)節(jie)拍(pai),只(zhi)有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)拍(pai)板(ban)、梆子(zi)(zi)打(da)(da)(da)節(jie)拍(pai)。持者踏(ta)拍(pai)起舞(wu)(wu),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)伴奏(zou)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)敲鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)最初流(liu)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)游村的(de)古堆和三泉一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,如(ru)今(jin)已經(jing)形成了(le)三個流(liu)派:南路(lu)(lu)(lu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)院村為(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)、中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)以(yi)三泉村為(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)、北路(lu)(lu)(lu)以(yi)南行(xing)莊為(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)。演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)者充分利用(yong)(yong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)各個部(bu)位以(yi)及鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)槌(chui)、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)的(de)最佳聲(sheng)音進行(xing)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou),它(ta)所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)樂(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)多面形制(zhi)不同的(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現(xian)有(you)(you)十(shi)幾(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)敲奏(zou)技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa),這些(xie)技(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)構(gou)成絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)獨(du)特(te)的(de)地方(fang)色(se)彩(cai),這種(zhong)(zhong)地方(fang)色(se)彩(cai)與其(qi)獨(du)特(te)的(de)藝(yi)術風(feng)格(ge)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連。穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)者穿(chuan)(chuan)古戲(xi)裝而得(de)名,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)流(liu)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)新絳縣鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)水流(liu)域的(de)東八莊和西七莊一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,其(qi)中(zhong)三泉村的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)影(ying)響較大(da)(da)。穿(chuan)(chuan)箱(xiang)(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)場地鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)主,行(xing)進中(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)段較為(wei)簡單(dan)(dan),場地演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般以(yi)大(da)(da)套為(wei)主,演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)時以(yi)大(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與大(da)(da)鈸(ba)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)部(bu)群,小(xiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與唐鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)部(bu)群,以(yi)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)節(jie)。在鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)中(zhong),有(you)(you)的(de)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)者還要(yao)(yao)(yao)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan) “跑鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)”(舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)),其(qi)中(zhong)甩(shuai)動(dong)頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)的(de)野(ye)雞翎“甩(shuai)翎”,是(shi)頗(po)需功夫(fu)的(de)特(te)技(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹(chui)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)指婚(hun)喪壽喜所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le),這種(zhong)(zhong)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)還包括嗩吶(na)伴奏(zou)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和道士雜樂(le)(le)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩種(zhong)(zhong)形式,屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)吹(chui)打(da)(da)(da)樂(le)(le)。
《秦(qin)王(wang)破陣(zhen)(zhen)樂(le)(le)》在民間(jian)頗為(wei)流傳,尤其是(shi)明(ming)、清兩代,鼓(gu)樂(le)(le)進入(ru)鼎(ding)盛(sheng)時期。新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成立(li)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),絳州鼓(gu)樂(le)(le)更在發(fa)展、壯大;后(hou)來隨(sui)著農(nong)村經濟條件的(de)不(bu)斷改善,絳州鼓(gu)樂(le)(le)得(de)到了很大發(fa)展。在《秦(qin)王(wang)破陣(zhen)(zhen)樂(le)(le)》的(de)基礎上,整理(li)出了《秦(qin)王(wang)點(dian)兵》、《夏坡滾核桃》等(deng)精(jing)彩(cai)曲目,并且參加了山(shan)西省(sheng)的(de)首(shou)屆藝術(shu)節。1988年(nian),在北京舉行的(de)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)龍年(nian)音樂(le)(le)周”中(zhong),新絳縣農(nong)民業余鼓(gu)樂(le)(le)隊上京演(yan)出,得(de)到了國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外輿論(lun)的(de)一致稱贊。他們演(yan)奏的(de)《秦(qin)王(wang)點(dian)兵》、《夏坡滾核桃》,以(yi)(yi)其震(zhen)動(dong)山(shan)河的(de)磅(bang)礴氣(qi)勢和令人(ren)振奮的(de)旋律獲得(de)了極大的(de)成功。
絳州鼓樂歷史悠久(jiu),深受當地(di)人(ren)民喜愛,具有(you)一(yi)定的社(she)會(hui)歷史價值(zhi)(zhi)和藝術(shu)價值(zhi)(zhi)。