絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)據史籍記載可追溯至初唐(tang)。619年(nian)(唐(tang)武德二年(nian))十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月,李(li)世(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)率(lv)兵從龍門渡黃河,屯(tun)兵柏壁(bi)秦(qin)王(wang)堡(bao),討伐劉武周。新(xin)絳縣還遺(yi)存著(zhu)李(li)世(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)屯(tun)兵柏壁(bi)時(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)擂(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)臺。據說當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)人(ren)們(men)為(wei)慶(qing)祝秦(qin)王(wang)在各個戰役中取得的(de)(de)勝利(li),創作了一(yi)(yi)部表(biao)現李(li)世(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)部隊的(de)(de)車輪聲(sheng)、馬蹄聲(sheng)、人(ren)喊馬叫(jiao)聲(sheng),并具有(you)氣(qi)壯(zhuang)山(shan)河氣(qi)勢(shi)的(de)(de)樂(le)曲(qu) 《秦(qin)王(wang)破(po)陣(zhen)樂(le)》。《舊唐(tang)書·音樂(le)志》載:“自破(po)陣(zhen)舞以(yi)下,皆擂(lei)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),雜以(yi)龜茲之(zhi)樂(le),聲(sheng)振百里,動(dong)蕩山(shan)谷。”秦(qin)王(wang)李(li)世(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)也(ye)因軍民(min)(min)為(wei)歌頌他而創作的(de)(de)這首擂(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)喧天(tian)的(de)(de)樂(le)曲(qu)《秦(qin)王(wang)破(po)陣(zhen)樂(le)》感到自豪。李(li)世(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)繼(ji)任皇帝后,將此曲(qu)調入宮(gong)中,凡(fan)遇大(da)典盛(sheng)宴,無不(bu)表(biao)演這首燕樂(le)大(da)曲(qu),以(yi)炫耀自己在滅隋建唐(tang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)功(gong)績。清朝《直(zhi)隸絳州(zhou)(zhou)志》曰:“歲(sui)時(shi)(shi)社(she)祭、夏(xia)冬(dong)兩季,又鄉鎮多香火,扮(ban)社(she)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)演劇,招集販粥人(ren)甚便之(zhi)。”民(min)(min)國時(shi)(shi)出版的(de)(de)《新(xin)絳縣志》也(ye)曾說:“每逢賽社(she)之(zhi)期,必演劇數日(ri),扮(ban)演各種故事,如鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”新(xin)中國成立至上世(shi)(shi)紀80年(nian)代中期,絳州(zhou)(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)是當地(di)民(min)(min)間(jian)社(she)火中的(de)(de)主(zhu)要項(xiang)目,也(ye)是祭祀(si)、慶(qing)典、婚(hun)嫁和廟會(hui)活(huo)動(dong)中的(de)(de)主(zhu)角。它(ta)還積累了《小秦(qin)王(wang)亂(luan)點兵》、《嘰呱啦》、《廈坡滾核桃》、《老虎磕牙》、《牛斗虎》等300余首曲(qu)牌(pai)。新(xin)絳民(min)(min)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)流傳著(zhu)“北岸的(de)(de)棍,西岸的(de)(de)鞭,石坡上的(de)(de)镲(cha)兒鐃得歡,八莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)震破(po)天(tian)”、“北行(xing)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)踩板扎(zha)得高,不(bu)如南行(xing)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兒敲得好(hao)”等俗(su)語。
絳州鼓樂素有“地動山搖”、“聞聲十里”之譽。
花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在絳州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)具代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)。它所(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多面形(xing)制不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現有(you)(you)(you)(you)十幾種(zhong)敲(qiao)(qiao)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)技(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa),即(ji)擊鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、墨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘(ding)、蹭鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)面、打(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)幫、抽鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皮(pi)、磕鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)環(huan)、碰鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)、單(dan)槌(chui)滾、雙槌(chui)擂、槌(chui)相(xiang)搓、槌(chui)相(xiang)擊、槌(chui)相(xiang)打(da)、捶(chui)相(xiang)挑。這些技(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)構成絳州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方色(se)彩,這種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)方色(se)彩與(yu)其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)藝術風格緊(jin)密相(xiang)連(lian)。民間(jian)將絳州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)分三(san)路,各路各有(you)(you)(you)(you)常用曲(qu)目,南路有(you)(you)(you)(you)《嘰(ji)呱啦(la)》、《啦(la)呱嘰(ji)》、《扎咚呱》等(deng)(deng),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路有(you)(you)(you)(you)《釘(ding)缸(gang)》、《麻雀踩蛋》等(deng)(deng),北路有(you)(you)(you)(you)《牛斗虎(hu)》、《鳳凰(huang)單(dan)展翅》、《獅子(zi)撩繡球》等(deng)(deng)。絳州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)大致可分為(wei)賽(sai)社(she)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩類。賽(sai)社(she)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦稱鬧(nao)年鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或社(she)火鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),主(zhu)(zhu)要用于賽(sai)社(she)和(he)(he)春(chun)節期間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)社(she)火活動,含有(you)(you)(you)(you)清音(yin)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(以(yi)(yi)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)套曲(qu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu))和(he)(he)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)舞蹈性(xing)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)),是(shi)(shi)(shi)絳州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要代(dai)表(biao)。賽(sai)社(she)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)穿箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)著(zhu)稱,花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又名(ming)花(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、花(hua)(hua)慶鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),全套樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、板(ban)兩類,無鐃(nao)鈸(ba),也無其(qi)他銅(tong)質(zhi)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)俗(su)稱干鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),為(wei)新絳縣獨有(you)(you)(you)(you)。花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)28件,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)24面扁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)表(biao)24個(ge)節令,另有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩副夾板(ban)、兩副梆子(zi),分別象(xiang)征四獸(shou):牛、虎(hu)、獅子(zi)、麒麟,取黃牛之(zhi)忠、老虎(hu)之(zhi)猛(meng)、獅子(zi)之(zhi)威、麒麟之(zhi)祥,意求(qiu)事(shi)事(shi)如意、年年豐收(shou)。夾板(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)拍(pai)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)俗(su)稱,現在惟花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)還保留了(le)拍(pai)板(ban)。鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)(shi)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)打(da)節拍(pai),只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用拍(pai)板(ban)、梆子(zi)打(da)節拍(pai)。持者(zhe)踏拍(pai)起舞,鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)。花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)最(zui)初(chu)流(liu)(liu)行(xing)于上游村的(de)(de)(de)古堆(dui)和(he)(he)三(san)泉(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,如今已經形(xing)成了(le)三(san)個(ge)流(liu)(liu)派:南路以(yi)(yi)上院村為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路以(yi)(yi)三(san)泉(quan)村為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)、北路以(yi)(yi)南行(xing)莊(zhuang)為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)。演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)者(zhe)充分利(li)用鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)部(bu)位(wei)以(yi)(yi)及鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)槌(chui)、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou),它所(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多面形(xing)制不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現有(you)(you)(you)(you)十幾種(zhong)敲(qiao)(qiao)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)技(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa),這些技(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)構成絳州(zhou)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方色(se)彩,這種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)方色(se)彩與(yu)其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)藝術風格緊(jin)密相(xiang)連(lian)。穿箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因表(biao)演(yan)(yan)者(zhe)穿古戲裝而得名(ming),主(zhu)(zhu)要流(liu)(liu)行(xing)于新絳縣鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)水流(liu)(liu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)八(ba)莊(zhuang)和(he)(he)西七(qi)莊(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)泉(quan)村的(de)(de)(de)穿箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)影響較大。穿箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)場地(di)(di)(di)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),行(xing)進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)段(duan)較為(wei)簡單(dan),場地(di)(di)(di)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般以(yi)(yi)大套為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)時以(yi)(yi)大鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)大鈸(ba)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)群,小鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)唐鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)(sheng)部(bu)群,以(yi)(yi)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)節。在鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)者(zhe)還要表(biao)演(yan)(yan) “跑鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)”(舞蹈),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甩動頭上的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)雞翎“甩翎”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)頗需功夫的(de)(de)(de)特(te)技(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)指婚(hun)喪(sang)壽喜(xi)所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le),這種(zhong)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)還包括嗩(suo)吶伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)道士雜樂(le)(le)(le)鑼(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩種(zhong)形(xing)式,屬于吹打(da)樂(le)(le)(le)。
《秦王破(po)陣樂(le)(le)》在(zai)民間(jian)頗為流傳,尤其(qi)是明、清兩代(dai),鼓樂(le)(le)進入鼎(ding)盛(sheng)時期。新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成立以后,絳州鼓樂(le)(le)更在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)、壯(zhuang)大;后來(lai)隨著農(nong)村經濟條件(jian)的(de)(de)不斷改善,絳州鼓樂(le)(le)得到了(le)很大發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)《秦王破(po)陣樂(le)(le)》的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang),整理(li)出了(le)《秦王點兵(bing)》、《夏(xia)坡滾(gun)核桃》等精彩(cai)曲目,并且參(can)加了(le)山(shan)西省(sheng)的(de)(de)首屆藝(yi)術節。1988年,在(zai)北京舉(ju)行的(de)(de)“全國(guo)(guo)龍年音(yin)樂(le)(le)周(zhou)”中(zhong),新絳縣農(nong)民業余鼓樂(le)(le)隊上(shang)京演出,得到了(le)國(guo)(guo)內外輿論的(de)(de)一(yi)致稱(cheng)贊(zan)。他們演奏(zou)的(de)(de)《秦王點兵(bing)》、《夏(xia)坡滾(gun)核桃》,以其(qi)震動山(shan)河的(de)(de)磅礴氣勢和令人振(zhen)奮的(de)(de)旋(xuan)律獲得了(le)極大的(de)(de)成功。
絳州(zhou)鼓樂歷史悠久,深受當地(di)人民喜(xi)愛,具有一定的(de)社會歷史價(jia)值和藝術價(jia)值。