詳細介紹
該宅為(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)乾隆(long)年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)徽商潘麟兆所建(jian),南臨衛(wei)道觀(guan)前(qian),北至混堂巷(xiang),占地7500平(ping)方米(mi),坐北朝(chao)南,可(ke)分(fen)五(wu)(wu)路六進,規模龐大(da),屋宇高(gao)峻,裝修(xiu)精致,是清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期蘇州富商第宅的代(dai)(dai)表性(xing)建(jian)筑,現狀基(ji)(ji)本完整(zheng)。正路偏西,依次為(wei)(wei)門廳、轎(jiao)廳、大(da)廳及三(san)進樓廳。大(da)廳額“禮耕堂”,硬(ying)山造(zao),面闊(kuo)五(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)17米(mi),進深(shen)13.7米(mi)。扁(bian)作(zuo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)構(gou),前(qian)廊施一支(zhi)香(xiang)軒(xuan),廳內置前(qian)后(hou)(hou)船(chuan)篷軒(xuan),中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)四界大(da)梁(liang)(liang)(liang),前(qian)檐(yan)挑檁頭(tou)雕水浪(lang)龍(long)頭(tou)鯉魚,內挑雕靈(ling)芝梁(liang)(liang)(liang)墊(dian)。花崗巖(yan)臺基(ji)(ji)高(gao)55厘米(mi),明間(jian)(jian)(jian)設踏步三(san)級。廳內左右梢(shao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)原隔有(you)矮(ai)墻半欄,喜慶祝(zhu)壽(shou)時,大(da)廳權作(zuo)戲臺,男賓在廳中(zhong)觀(guan)賞,半欄外(wai)專供女賓看(kan)戲聽曲(qu)。該廳結(jie)構(gou)規整(zheng),用材(cai)壯碩,制作(zuo)精細,為(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)乾隆(long)后(hou)(hou)期具有(you)代(dai)(dai)表性(xing)的作(zuo)品。后(hou)(hou)堂樓為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)開間(jian)(jian)(jian)兩廂樓,重檐(yan)式,樓下前(qian)施鶴脛軒(xuan)、船(chuan)篷軒(xuan),梁(liang)(liang)(liang)墊(dian)雕花卉。東邊路前(qian)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)鴛鴦廳,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架前(qian)為(wei)(wei)圓作(zuo),后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)扁(bian)作(zuo)。前(qian)院(yuan)有(you)白皮松(song)、紫薇等(deng)名木古樹,原有(you)假山被拆,僅存零星湖石。
大廳(ting)原有"禮耕堂"匾額,系硬山造,面闊五間(jian)17米(mi),進(jin)深13.7米(mi),臺(tai)基為花崗(gang)石鎖口石加側塘(tang)石,高55厘(li)米(mi),鎖
口石厚達26厘米。明間(jian)(jian)設置(zhi)(zhi)踏步三(san)(san)(san)級(ji),制作精細,平整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)光滑。扁(bian)作梁(liang)架構(gou)(gou),前(qian)廊設一(yi)枝香軒,廳(ting)內(nei)置(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)后(hou)船(chuan)篷軒,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)四界大(da)(da)梁(liang)。前(qian)檐(yan)挑檁頭(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)水浪(lang)龍(long)頭(tou)鯉(li)魚,內(nei)挑雕(diao)(diao)(diao)靈芝(zhi)梁(liang)墊,原廳(ting)內(nei)左(zuo)右稍間(jian)(jian)隔有(you)(you)(you)矮墻(qiang)半欄(lan),喜慶祝壽時,大(da)(da)廳(ting)權作戲(xi)臺,男賓在廳(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)觀賞,半欄(lan)外(wai)供女賓看戲(xi)聽曲。綜觀該大(da)(da)廳(ting),結構(gou)(gou)規整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),用材粗壯,制作精細,為(wei)(wei)清乾隆時期具有(you)(you)(you)代表性的(de)作品。后(hou)堂(tang)(tang)為(wei)(wei)五間(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)廂樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),重(zhong)檐(yan)式(shi)(shi),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)前(qian)構(gou)(gou)鶴脛軒、船(chuan)篷軒、梁(liang)墊雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)種花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉,保存(cun)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。東路(lu)前(qian)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)鴛鴦廳(ting),梁(liang)架前(qian)圓作后(hou)扁(bian)作。廳(ting)前(qian)庭院中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)白皮松(song)、紫薇等古(gu)樹名(ming)木,原有(you)(you)(you)假山(shan)已被拆走,僅存(cun)零(ling)星湖石。全宅(zhai)共有(you)(you)(you)八座(zuo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)轎(jiao)廳(ting)、大(da)(da)廳(ting)、堂(tang)(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)座(zuo)保存(cun)最為(wei)(wei)完(wan)好(hao),刻有(you)(you)(you)乾隆五十二年(nian)款。每(mei)座(zuo)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)具特色。轎(jiao)廳(ting)前(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)3.25米,硬山(shan)式(shi)(shi),山(shan)面(mian)(mian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)博(bo)風(feng),脊(ji)吻為(wei)(wei)外(wai)開(kai)口龍(long)頭(tou)。飛(fei)椽微有(you)(you)(you)卷(juan)剎,檐(yan)下(xia)立(li)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)蓮花(hua)(hua)(hua)式(shi)(shi)一(yi)斗(dou)三(san)(san)(san)升斗(dou)拱,上(shang)(shang)枋素平。枋下(xia)飾(shi)葵式(shi)(shi)亂(luan)紋嵌花(hua)(hua)(hua)結掛(gua)落。字(zi)碑(bei)題刻"居(ju)德(de)斯頤"四字(zi),以(yi)蝙(bian)蝠、荷葉鑲(xiang)邊(bian)。門(men)(men)楣上(shang)(shang)的(de)下(xia)枋"一(yi)塊(kuai)玉",雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鎖形兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)穿(chuan)一(yi)圓孔花(hua)(hua)(hua)錢。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體造型繁簡分明,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻精良。轎(jiao)廳(ting)背后(hou)面(mian)(mian)對禮耕堂(tang)(tang)的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)歇山(shan)頂,三(san)(san)(san)落水,翼角(jiao)起翹,面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)3.35米。斗(dou)拱六朵,出(chu)華(hua)拱三(san)(san)(san)跳,兩(liang)(liang)側加楓(feng)拱。上(shang)(shang)枋雕(diao)(diao)(diao)纏枝牡(mu)丹(dan)三(san)(san)(san)方,垂柱(zhu)飾(shi)曲尺回(hui)紋,立(li)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)靈芝(zhi)吊籃(lan)。字(zi)碑(bei)題刻"秉經酌雅"四字(zi),左(zuo)右兜(dou)肚起凸線香熏圖雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾(shi),周飾(shi)回(hui)紋邊(bian)。鑲(xiang)邊(bian)鏤(lou)(lou)空立(li)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)式(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草紋,平座(zuo)置(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)紋勾欄(lan),下(xia)飾(shi)回(hui)紋鑲(xiang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)結掛(gua)落。垛(duo)頭(tou)素平,勒腳為(wei)(wei)須彌座(zuo)式(shi)(shi)。安清水磚(zhuan)(zhuan)貼面(mian)(mian)庫門(men)(men)。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體造型美觀,上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻華(hua)麗,下(xia)部(bu)(bu)穩(wen)重(zhong)簡潔,目前(qian)保存(cun)完(wan)好(hao)。第四進堂(tang)(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻最為(wei)(wei)精致,硬山(shan)式(shi)(shi),山(shan)面(mian)(mian)做磚(zhuan)(zhuan)細博(bo)風(feng)。門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)3.33米,字(zi)碑(bei)被粉刷,有(you)(you)(you)待清理。檐(yan)下(xia)飾(shi)回(hui)紋。斗(dou)拱兩(liang)(liang)跳,楓(feng)拱鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)式(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草。該磚(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體采用立(li)體鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾(shi)突出(chu)底面(mian)(mian)。上(shang)(shang)枋、下(xia)枋、兜(dou)肚、垂柱(zhu)及(ji)兩(liang)(liang)側山(shan)面(mian)(mian),滿(man)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)四季(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央以(yi)牡(mu)丹(dan)為(wei)(wei)主,兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)梅、蘭、竹、菊、桂(gui)、桃花(hua)(hua)(hua)、雞冠(guan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)、石榴(liu)、靈芝(zhi)、佛(fo)手、壽桃,集名(ming)花(hua)(hua)(hua)仙果于一(yi)處(chu),千姿(zi)百態,古(gu)色古(gu)香。最引人注目的(de)是,左(zuo)右垂柱(zhu)定盤枋各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾(shi)一(yi)只蟾蜍,神態畢具,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)脊(ji)頭(tou)鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)蝙(bian)蝠流(liu)云和(he)飛(fei)龍(long)流(liu)云,凸出(chu)于白墻(qiang)間(jian)(jian),飄然欲動。潘(pan)宅(zhai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)保存(cun)的(de)這三(san)(san)(san)座(zuo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)具特色,構(gou)(gou)圖嚴謹,制作精細,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鏤(lou)(lou)工巧,充分體現蘇州傳(chuan)統手工磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)高超技藝(yi)(yi)(yi),堪稱清代磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)上(shang)(shang)品,具有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)歷(li)史和(he)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)價值。