詳細介紹
該(gai)宅(zhai)為(wei)清(qing)乾隆(long)年(nian)間(jian)徽商潘麟兆所建(jian),南臨衛道(dao)觀(guan)前(qian),北(bei)至混堂巷,占地7500平方米,坐北(bei)朝(chao)南,可(ke)分五(wu)路六進(jin),規模龐大(da),屋宇高(gao)峻,裝(zhuang)修精致,是清(qing)代中期蘇州富商第(di)宅(zhai)的代表性建(jian)筑,現狀基本完整(zheng)。正路偏西,依次(ci)為(wei)門廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)及三進(jin)樓廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)額“禮耕堂”,硬山造,面闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)17米,進(jin)深13.7米。扁作(zuo)(zuo)梁結構,前(qian)廊施(shi)一(yi)支香軒,廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)置前(qian)后船(chuan)(chuan)篷(peng)軒,中為(wei)四(si)界大(da)梁,前(qian)檐(yan)挑(tiao)檁頭雕(diao)水浪龍(long)頭鯉魚(yu),內(nei)挑(tiao)雕(diao)靈芝梁墊(dian)。花(hua)崗巖臺基高(gao)55厘米,明間(jian)設(she)踏步三級(ji)。廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)左(zuo)右梢間(jian)原(yuan)隔有矮墻半(ban)欄(lan),喜慶祝壽時(shi),大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)權作(zuo)(zuo)戲(xi)臺,男賓(bin)在廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中觀(guan)賞,半(ban)欄(lan)外專供女賓(bin)看戲(xi)聽(ting)曲。該(gai)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)結構規整(zheng),用材(cai)壯碩,制作(zuo)(zuo)精細,為(wei)清(qing)乾隆(long)后期具(ju)有代表性的作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)。后堂樓為(wei)五(wu)開(kai)間(jian)兩(liang)廂(xiang)樓,重檐(yan)式(shi),樓下前(qian)施(shi)鶴脛(jing)軒、船(chuan)(chuan)篷(peng)軒,梁墊(dian)雕(diao)花(hua)卉。東邊路前(qian)部為(wei)鴛鴦(yang)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),梁架(jia)前(qian)為(wei)圓(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo),后為(wei)扁作(zuo)(zuo)。前(qian)院有白(bai)皮松、紫(zi)薇等名木(mu)古樹,原(yuan)有假山被拆(chai),僅存零星(xing)湖(hu)石。
大廳原有"禮(li)耕堂(tang)"匾額,系硬山(shan)造,面闊五間17米,進深13.7米,臺基為花崗石鎖(suo)口石加(jia)側塘石,高55厘米,鎖(suo)
口石厚達26厘米(mi)(mi)。明(ming)間(jian)(jian)設置踏步三(san)(san)級(ji),制作(zuo)精(jing)(jing)細,平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)光滑。扁(bian)作(zuo)梁(liang)(liang)架構,前廊設一枝香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)軒,廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)置前后船(chuan)篷軒,中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四界(jie)大梁(liang)(liang)。前檐(yan)(yan)挑檁頭雕(diao)(diao)(diao)水浪龍頭鯉(li)魚,內(nei)挑雕(diao)(diao)(diao)靈(ling)(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梁(liang)(liang)墊,原(yuan)(yuan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)左右(you)稍間(jian)(jian)隔有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)矮(ai)墻(qiang)半欄,喜慶祝壽(shou)時,大廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)權(quan)作(zuo)戲(xi)臺(tai),男(nan)賓在(zai)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)觀賞,半欄外供女賓看戲(xi)聽曲。綜觀該大廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),結構規整(zheng)(zheng),用(yong)(yong)材粗壯,制作(zuo)精(jing)(jing)細,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)乾隆時期具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)代表性的(de)作(zuo)品(pin)。后堂(tang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五間(jian)(jian)兩廂樓(lou)(lou)(lou),重檐(yan)(yan)式,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)前構鶴脛軒、船(chuan)篷軒、梁(liang)(liang)墊雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)各(ge)種花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉,保(bao)存完整(zheng)(zheng)。東路前部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鴛(yuan)鴦廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),梁(liang)(liang)架前圓作(zuo)后扁(bian)作(zuo)。廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)前庭(ting)院中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)皮松、紫薇(wei)等古樹名木(mu),原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)假山(shan)已(yi)被拆走,僅存零(ling)星湖石。全宅共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)座磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),現中(zhong)路轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、大廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、堂(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)前各(ge)一座保(bao)存最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完好(hao)(hao),刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)乾隆五十二年款(kuan)。每座門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)各(ge)具(ju)(ju)特色(se)(se)。轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)前磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)寬3.25米(mi)(mi),硬山(shan)式,山(shan)面(mian)(mian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)博風(feng),脊吻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)外開(kai)口龍頭。飛椽微有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)卷剎(cha),檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)立(li)(li)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)蓮花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)式一斗三(san)(san)升斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong),上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)素(su)平(ping)。枋(fang)(fang)(fang)下(xia)(xia)飾(shi)葵式亂紋(wen)(wen)(wen)嵌(qian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結掛落(luo)(luo)。字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)題刻(ke)(ke)"居德斯頤"四字(zi)(zi),以蝙(bian)蝠(fu)、荷葉鑲邊(bian)。門(men)(men)(men)楣上(shang)(shang)的(de)下(xia)(xia)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)"一塊玉",雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鎖形兩邊(bian)各(ge)穿一圓孔花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)錢。整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)造型繁簡分明(ming),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)精(jing)(jing)良。轎(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)背后面(mian)(mian)對(dui)禮耕堂(tang)的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歇山(shan)頂,三(san)(san)落(luo)(luo)水,翼角起翹,面(mian)(mian)寬3.35米(mi)(mi)。斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)六朵,出(chu)(chu)華拱(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)跳,兩側加楓拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)纏(chan)枝牡丹三(san)(san)方(fang),垂柱飾(shi)曲尺回紋(wen)(wen)(wen),立(li)(li)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)靈(ling)(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吊籃。字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)題刻(ke)(ke)"秉經酌雅"四字(zi)(zi),左右(you)兜(dou)肚(du)起凸線(xian)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)熏圖雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾(shi),周飾(shi)回紋(wen)(wen)(wen)邊(bian)。鑲邊(bian)鏤(lou)(lou)空立(li)(li)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)式花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)草紋(wen)(wen)(wen),平(ping)座置回紋(wen)(wen)(wen)勾(gou)欄,下(xia)(xia)飾(shi)回紋(wen)(wen)(wen)鑲花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結掛落(luo)(luo)。垛頭素(su)平(ping),勒(le)腳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)須彌座式。安清(qing)水磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)貼面(mian)(mian)庫門(men)(men)(men)。整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)造型美觀,上(shang)(shang)部(bu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)華麗,下(xia)(xia)部(bu)穩重簡潔,目(mu)前保(bao)存完好(hao)(hao)。第四進堂(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)前磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)致,硬山(shan)式,山(shan)面(mian)(mian)做磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)細博風(feng)。門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)寬3.33米(mi)(mi),字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)被粉刷,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)待清(qing)理。檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)飾(shi)回紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)兩跳,楓拱(gong)(gong)(gong)鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)各(ge)式花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)草。該磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)采用(yong)(yong)立(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾(shi)突出(chu)(chu)底面(mian)(mian)。上(shang)(shang)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)、下(xia)(xia)枋(fang)(fang)(fang)、兜(dou)肚(du)、垂柱及兩側山(shan)面(mian)(mian),滿雕(diao)(diao)(diao)四季花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉,中(zhong)央以牡丹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,兩邊(bian)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)梅、蘭、竹(zhu)、菊(ju)、桂、桃花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、雞冠花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、石榴(liu)、靈(ling)(ling)芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、佛手、壽(shou)桃,集名花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)仙果于一處,千姿百態(tai),古色(se)(se)古香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。最(zui)(zui)引人(ren)注目(mu)的(de)是(shi),左右(you)垂柱定盤枋(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)飾(shi)一只蟾蜍,神(shen)態(tai)畢具(ju)(ju),栩栩如生。門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)脊頭鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)蝙(bian)蝠(fu)流云(yun)和飛龍流云(yun),凸出(chu)(chu)于白(bai)墻(qiang)間(jian)(jian),飄(piao)然(ran)欲動。潘宅中(zhong)路保(bao)存的(de)這三(san)(san)座磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),各(ge)具(ju)(ju)特色(se)(se),構圖嚴(yan)謹,制作(zuo)精(jing)(jing)細,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鏤(lou)(lou)工(gong)(gong)巧,充分體(ti)(ti)現蘇州(zhou)傳統手工(gong)(gong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)高(gao)超技(ji)藝(yi)(yi),堪稱清(qing)代磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)上(shang)(shang)品(pin),具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較高(gao)的(de)歷史和藝(yi)(yi)術價值。