玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)是位于(yu)中(zhong)國東南(nan)部著名旅游城市蘇(su)州的(de)著名道觀(guan),創建于(yu)公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)276年(nian),最初名叫“真(zhen)慶(qing)(qing)道院(yuan)”,后來曾(ceng)改稱(cheng)為“開元(yuan)(yuan)宮”、“天慶(qing)(qing)觀(guan)”。公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1295年(nian)元(yuan)(yuan)朝皇帝下令改為玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)。玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)至今已有1700多年(nian)的(de)歷史,所以被稱(cheng)為“江南(nan)第(di)一(yi)古觀(guan)”。
玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)坐落在(zai)蘇州古城中心,其主(zhu)殿(dian)三(san)清殿(dian)建成于(yu)南(nan)(nan)宋(song)年間,是蘇州僅存(cun)的一(yi)座南(nan)(nan)宋(song)木構殿(dian)宇式(shi)建筑(zhu),歷(li)史(shi)悠久、規(gui)模(mo)宏(hong)偉,在(zai)中國建筑(zhu)史(shi)上具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要的歷(li)史(shi)價值,1982年被(bei)列為全國重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單位。
現玄妙觀(guan)(guan)進行了(le)修復整治,有(you)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)七座(zuo),中(zhong)路有(you)正山門(men)、三清殿(dian)(dian),東(dong)路有(you)文昌殿(dian)(dian)、斗姆(mu)閣、壽星殿(dian)(dian),西路有(you)雷尊殿(dian)(dian)、財神殿(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)(guan)內有(you)很多珍貴的(de)(de)文物遺跡(ji),道(dao)教文化內涵深厚,是中(zhong)國少有(you)的(de)(de)完整道(dao)觀(guan)(guan)建筑(zhu)群,其中(zhong)三清殿(dian)(dian)現仍保留著宋代(dai)建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)風(feng)貌與特點。
玄妙觀(guan)歷史(shi)上曾是蘇(su)州宗教文化(hua)中心,現是蘇(su)州地區道教活(huo)動的主要場所。由于優越的地理位置,眾(zhong)多的文物古跡以(yi)及豐富的道教文化(hua)內涵,玄妙觀(guan)已成為蘇(su)州市著(zhu)名的旅游(you)景點(dian)之一。
蘇州香火最盛的地方并非佛教寺廟,而(er)是道教的玄妙(miao)觀。
玄妙(miao)(miao)觀始建(jian)于西晉,已有(you)1700余年(nian)的歷(li)史。觀內建(jian)于南(nan)宋(song)的三清(qing)殿(dian)是江南(nan)最大的木構古建(jian)筑。殿(dian)內供奉的高達17米的三清(qing)(上(shang)清(qing)、玉清(qing)、太(tai)清(qing))塑(su)(su)像(xiang),堪稱宋(song)代雕塑(su)(su)的上(shang)佳(jia)之作。玄妙(miao)(miao)觀中現存有(you)唐吳道子畫(hua)老(lao)君像(xiang)、玄宗(zong)贊、顏(yan)真卿書法等碑(bei)刻(ke),彌足珍貴.
除三清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)正山門(men)外,玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)還有(you)歷(li)代建(jian)成的副殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)二十(shi)四(si)座(zuo)配殿(dian)(dian),從(cong)東腳(jiao)門(men)依次為:神(shen)(shen)州殿(dian)(dian)(元)、太(tai)陽(yang)宮(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、天醫藥(yao)王殿(dian)(dian)(宋(song))、真(zhen)官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(元)、天后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、文昌殿(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、祖(zu)師殿(dian)(dian)(元)、斗姆閣(清(qing)(qing)(qing) )、火(huo)神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、三茅(mao)殿(dian)(dian)(宋(song))、機房殿(dian)(dian)(明(ming))、關帝殿(dian)(dian)(元)、東岳殿(dian)(dian)(宋(song))、痘司(si)殿(dian)(dian)(宋(song))等十(shi)四(si)處(chu),西腳(jiao)門(men)配殿(dian)(dian)依次為:雷尊殿(dian)(dian)(元)、壽星殿(dian)(dian)(宋(song))、水府殿(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))等七處(chu)。三清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)為彌羅寶閣,再后(hou)(hou)面(mian)是蓑衣真(zhen)人殿(dian)(dian)(宋(song))、肝胃殿(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、薩(sa)祖(zu)方丈殿(dian)(dian)。各(ge)殿(dian)(dian)所(suo)供神(shen)(shen)像大都出(chu)自神(shen)(shen)話傳說,如太(tai)陽(yang)神(shen)(shen)、雷神(shen)(shen)、火(huo)神(shen)(shen)、關帝、文曲星、灶神(shen)(shen)、土地、八(ba)仙、壽星、觀(guan)音等,體現了(le)蘇州地方文化特色(se)和(he)(he)民間信仰的色(se)彩,曾是城鄉老(lao)百姓精神(shen)(shen)寄托和(he)(he)休閑娛樂的去所(suo)。從(cong)康(kang)熙十(shi)三年(公元674年)玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)建(jian)筑群圖上可以看出(chu)東至(zhi)洙泗巷, 西臨大成坊,北至(zhi)舊學前河,南面(mian)有(you)黃色(se)照墻橫亙正山門(men)兩側(ce),整個(ge)建(jian)筑群十(shi)分壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。彈丸之地集(ji)中(zhong)了(le)宋(song)元明(ming)清(qing)(qing)(qing)歷(li)代殿(dian)(dian)宇,真(zhen)可謂是一座(zuo)古典建(jian)筑的博物館。
據(ju)道(dao)光《元(yuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)志》圖載(zai),清(qing)代玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)盛時占(zhan)地5.5萬平(ping)方米,共(gong)有30多座殿(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)。中軸(zhou)線上(shang)自南而北(bei)依次為正山門、三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)、彌羅寶閣(ge)(ge),其(qi)他殿(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)分布在(zai)25處(chu)自成(cheng)院落的(de)“子(zi)院”內,如(ru)眾星拱月般從東、西、北(bei)三(san)面(mian)圍(wei)繞著(zhu)中軸(zhou)線上(shang)的(de)主要殿(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge),形成(cheng)一片巍峨(e)壯(zhuang)麗的(de)建筑群。但自咸(xian)豐、同(tong)治之際(ji)遭受(shou)(shou)戰火(huo)后,即漸趨衰(shuai)落,未(wei)能恢復舊觀(guan),宏偉(wei)的(de)彌羅寶閣(ge)(ge)也于民國元(yuan)年(nian)(1912)8月28日失火(huo)焚(fen)毀。1956年(nian),整(zheng)修(xiu)三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)、 正山門及東、西諸(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)門墻,清(qing)理廣庭。同(tong)年(nian),玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)被列為省文物(wu)保護單位(wei)。1966年(nian)后遭受(shou)(shou)損壞(huai),1981年(nian)再修(xiu)三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)及正山門。1982年(nian),玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)被列為全國重點文物(wu)保護單位(wei)。
蘇州市政府又連續(xu)撥巨(ju)款重修(xiu)玄妙觀正山門和(he)三清殿,殿內神像(xiang)重塑金身,已(yi)于1999年(nian)元月開光慶典。
玄妙觀(guan)多數殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇各有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)門(men)、照墻(qiang),觀(guan)內(nei)廣(guang)場商販與(yu)百戲(xi)雜陳。觀(guan)內(nei)方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為穹窿山(shan)上(shang)真(zhen)觀(guan)下院,直至(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)國(guo)初,該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)振(zhen)法(fa)堂內(nei)高懸戒規,內(nei)容主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)準娶家室(shi)、不(bu)準目(mu)無師長等(deng)。違反戒規者,輕(qing)則重(zhong)(zhong)責、重(zhong)(zhong)則開除(俗稱“貼革(ge)條”)。方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)為一(yi)觀(guan)之主(zhu)。民(min)(min)國(guo)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)28日, 大(da)廈三(san)層(ceng)、飛甍隆棟的(de)彌(mi)羅寶閣失火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焚(fen)(fen)毀,內(nei)僅金(jin)身神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)就有(you)(you)(you)380余(yu)(yu)(yu)尊(zun)(zun),閶門(men)外十房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)莊(zhuang)淘沙(sha)戶曾擬出資1萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)承包清(qing)(qing)除火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)場垃圾(ji)。方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)倪仰(yang)云因(yin)失火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)提出公訴(su)并辭職,自此方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)威信大(da)降(jiang),戒規松弛(chi)。方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)管2房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、6殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至(zhi)(zhi)北伐(fa)時,方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還有(you)(you)(you)五六處山(shan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),近百間(jian)屋(wu)。各房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)輪流執管殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi),有(you)(you)(you)帳房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、文(wen)書(shu)及香工10余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren),廚師2人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)12房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)分(fen)掌(zhang)一(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)二(er)、三(san)座殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),實各為一(yi)獨立道(dao)(dao)院。22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽(yang)宮住持許鶴梅曾去上(shang)海合伙開設玄妙觀(guan)分(fen)院,一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后因(yin)生意(yi)不(bu)好而收歇。20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)至(zhi)(zhi)抗日戰爭中,祖(zu)師、灶君、八仙、壽星(xing)、水(shui)府、關(guan)帝諸殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相繼圮廢(fei)、改(gai)建或被(bei)日機(ji)轟炸震坍。三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)擺滿字(zi)畫(hua)攤,屋(wu)面被(bei)敵偽人(ren)(ren)員捉鴿(ge)子(zi)踐踏得嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)漏雨(yu)。機(ji)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曾開設賭場,長期出租和(he)被(bei)典賣的(de)有(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)州殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)痘司殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。民(min)(min)國(guo)6、32、33和(he)35年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)曾先后修(xiu)葺東(dong)岳、真(zhen)官(guan)、雷尊(zun)(zun)和(he)觀(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),但其(qi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)諸殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)日趨破敗。近解放時正山(shan)門(men)淪(lun)為銀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場。至(zhi)(zhi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)存(cun)正山(shan)門(men)及殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)17座(即三(san)清(qing)(qing)、方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)、 真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)、肝(gan)胃、藥王、東(dong)岳、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)、三(san)茅、天后、真(zhen)官(guan)、文(wen)昌、機(ji)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、三(san)官(guan)、雷尊(zun)(zun)、觀(guan)音諸殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及斗姆閣、太陽(yang)宮)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)士33人(ren)(ren),家屬83人(ren)(ren),香工6人(ren)(ren);有(you)(you)(you)屋(wu)523.5間(jian),內(nei)自用200間(jian),余(yu)(yu)(yu)多出租。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)統計,占地51.72畝,神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)519尊(zun)(zun),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)將(jiang)廣(guang)場周圍600余(yu)(yu)(yu)戶店(dian)(dian)攤居民(min)(min)遷出,斗姆閣改(gai)建為書(shu)畫(hua)店(dian)(dian)。1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全觀(guan)收入:房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地租454元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),香火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)94元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),法(fa)事(shi)29元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)他343元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)道(dao)(dao)教學(xue)習會直接掌(zhang)管三(san)清(qing)(qing)、星(xing)宿(原屬觀(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)將(jiang)在清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)花(hua)甲星(xing)宿塑像(xiang)遷入,故名)兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及雷尊(zun)(zun)、 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)的(de)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen),余(yu)(yu)(yu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除留少(shao)量(liang)道(dao)(dao)士自住外,都(dou)交(jiao)給房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管局管理,13道(dao)(dao)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)至(zhi)(zhi)此消失。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)東(dong)岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焚(fen)(fen)毀。該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)的(de)五岳樓,構建工巧,四面殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇,中峙一(yi)樓,“大(da)躍進”中全殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)拆(chai)去。1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)市政府又撥款(kuan)整修(xiu),三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)正山(shan)門(men)油漆(qi)一(yi)新,廣(guang)場中遍植綠樹草茵。“文(wen)化(hua)大(da)革(ge)命”起,除三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)幸獲保(bao)存(cun)(“玉清(qing)(qing)”神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)的(de)頭部(bu)被(bei)砍)外,其(qi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)、道(dao)(dao)經、科書(shu)被(bei)焚(fen)(fen)燒(shao)數晝(zhou)夜,銅像(xiang)8尊(zun)(zun)亦被(bei)毀,三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)度改(gai)為收租院泥塑展覽(lan)會,兩廊(lang)各配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在 60~70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)陸續(xu)改(gai)作商店(dian)(dian)、倉庫、菜場。
其間失去的(de)殿(dian)宇分(fen)別為(wei)彌羅寶閣(ge),1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)失火(huo)焚毀(hui)(hui),原地改建中山(shan)堂;灶君殿(dian),1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)借給同仁救火(huo)會(hui),1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)會(hui)擅(shan)自拆(chai)除改建,后(hou)為(wei)勞保用(yong)品商(shang)店(dian);太陽宮,1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)吳縣黃天源糕團店(dian)門市(shi)部;東岳殿(dian),1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)租給昆(kun)劇業(ye)余劇團,1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)東岳殿(dian)失火(huo)燒(shao)毀(hui)(hui),1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)該殿(dian)山(shan)門及殿(dian)址由影劇公司(si)使用(yong);斗(dou)姆閣(ge),解(jie)放前為(wei)攤販公會(hui)使用(yong),抗戰(zhan)勝利(li)后(hou)被(bei)(bei)典賣給居(ju)民(min),現(xian)為(wei)民(min)居(ju);祖師殿(dian),1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蘇州淪陷時毀(hui)(hui),現(xian)為(wei)輕(qing)工門市(shi)部;八(ba)仙殿(dian),1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)坍(tan)毀(hui)(hui),現(xian)為(wei)菜(cai)(cai)場;三官殿(dian),1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)借給春苑茶館,現(xian)為(wei)茶場;水府殿(dian),1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)造(zao)國貨公司(si)時,將(jiang)北局觀(guan)前菜(cai)(cai)場遷移(yi)至此,殿(dian)被(bei)(bei)拆(chai)掉;關帝殿(dian),1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日機轟(hong)炸被(bei)(bei)震坍(tan),現(xian)為(wei)花木盆景(jing)公司(si);痘司(si)殿(dian),30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)被(bei)(bei)典押后(hou)成為(wei)民(min)居(ju)。今(jin)仍屬道教使用(yong)的(de)除正山(shan)門、三清殿(dian)外(wai),尚有火(huo)神殿(dian)、財(cai)神殿(dian)、星宿殿(dian)、雷尊殿(dian),其余的(de)則后(hou)來又被(bei)(bei)有關單位(wei)占用(yong)或拆(chai)除。
玄妙(miao)(miao)觀內文(wen)化積(ji)淀深厚,民間(jian)傳說(shuo)動(dong)人,舊有十(shi)(shi)八景之說(shuo),分別為(wei)元趙孟頫所書玄妙(miao)(miao)觀重(zhong)修山(shan)門(men)(men)碑(bei)、麒(qi)麟照墻、朝北玄帝銅殿、六角亭(ting)、釘釘石欄桿、一步三(san)條橋、無字碑(bei)、海星壇、一人弄、楊芝畫、運(yun)木(mu)古井(jing)、妙(miao)(miao)一統(tong)元匾(bian)額、靠天吃飯圖碑(bei),如今十(shi)(shi)八景中(zhong)還保存(cun)九處。玄妙(miao)(miao)觀文(wen)物中(zhong)著(zhu)名的(de)還有歷代碑(bei)刻,有老子像(xiang)碑(bei)、永(yong)禁機匠叫歇碑(bei)等(deng)等(deng)計有八十(shi)(shi)一塊(kuai)。除(chu)部分收藏在(zai)文(wen)廟外(wai),還余下不少(shao)成為(wei)碑(bei)廊(lang),現藏在(zai)輕工門(men)(men)市部夾弄內,歷劫(jie)不滅,彌足珍貴。
玄妙觀(guan)(guan)值得一(yi)提(ti)的(de)還有正山門(men)八字照(zhao)墻,當(dang)年(nian)為此(ci)(ci)還掀起過(guo)一(yi)場(chang)軒然(ran)大波。照(zhao)墻前(qian)原有一(yi)排平屋(wu),有七、八家商(shang)(shang)鋪(pu),1930年(nian)觀(guan)(guan)前(qian)街(jie)拓寬,影(ying)響這些商(shang)(shang)鋪(pu),德記(ji)地產(chan)公司出面向玄妙觀(guan)(guan)方丈顏品笙協(xie)商(shang)(shang)拆除照(zhao)墻,租用兩(liang)側地基,搭屋(wu)經(jing)商(shang)(shang),條件是(shi)訂約十五(wu)年(nian),付(fu)給押金一(yi)萬(wan)元。此(ci)(ci)舉一(yi)出,引起地方人士反對,形(xing)成(cheng)“保(bao)古派(pai)”與(yu)“保(bao)商(shang)(shang)派(pai)”之爭,后(hou)經(jing)江蘇(su)省建設廳批準,正山門(men)兩(liang)端(duan)建起了與(yu)玄妙觀(guan)(guan)極不協(xie)調(diao)的(de)三(san)層樓房(fang),道(dao)觀(guan)(guan)古樸肅穆的(de)風貌從此(ci)(ci)不復再(zai)現。
玄妙觀三清殿之(zhi)后,原有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)始建(jian)于明正統三年(1438)的(de)(de)彌羅寶(bao)閣。閣高3層(ceng),闊9間,飛檐(yan)翹角,高聳云天(tian),十(shi)分壯觀。所供神像(xiang),上層(ceng)是萬皇帝(di)主(zhu)(zhu),左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)配祀(si)28星宿;底層(ceng)是萬地帝(di)主(zhu)(zhu),左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)配祀(si)60花(hua)甲星宿。露臺石(shi)刻(ke)尤稱珍貴,轉(zhuan)角處嵌(qian)有(you)畫像(xiang)石(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)刻(ke)□爵祿來同像(xiang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)刻(ke)掛印封侯像(xiang),另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)面刻(ke)有(you)八蠻(man)進(jin)寶(bao)圖。露臺扶欄亦有(you)精(jing)美(mei)石(shi)雕,古氣磅礴,與山東武梁祠、郭巨(ju)墓漢畫石(shi)刻(ke),神態逼肖(xiao),當(dang)為晉寧道院(yuan)或唐開元宮之(zhi)舊(jiu)物(wu)。如此(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)堪稱蘇州樓(lou)閣之(zhi)最的(de)(de)古建(jian)筑, 卻不幸毀于民國元年(1912)8月28日晚的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場(chang)至(zhi)今原因不明的(de)(de)大火之(zhi)中。
葉圣陶在(zai)失火(huo)當日(ri)日(ri)記(ji)中記(ji)云:“入夜,紅光(guang)燭天,人(ren)聲喧沓,開(kai)門而望之(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)余家(jia)西(xi)北(bei)面(mian),繼而鑼(luo)聲四應矣(yi)(yi)。后(hou)知燒去者為觀里(li)(li)彌羅寶(bao)閣。此閣年代極(ji)古,工程至鉅且(qie)精。偌(ruo)大(da)建筑(zhu)物付之(zhi)(zhi)一炬,殊(shu)可惜(xi),且(qie)守者止一二(er)人(ren),石柱堅(jian)墻何致起(qi)火(huo)?即著火(huo)亦(yi)何致全毀?一般迷信家(jia)恐(kong)又(you)將(jiang)造(zao)出許多神話(hua)也。”翌(yi)日(ri)葉至現場(chang)(chang)察看后(hou)于日(ri)記(ji)中寫道(dao):“晨至頡剛處(chu),幾伊亦(yi)來,乃偕(xie)赴觀里(li)(li)觀火(huo)場(chang)(chang)劫場(chang)(chang)。可憐莊嚴宮殿只剩(sheng)碎瓦(wa)殘灰,神鬼威力果(guo)何在(zai)哉!亦(yi)可稍示(shi)迷信家(jia)矣(yi)(yi)。然(ran)觀里(li)(li)為吳中名勝,遠道(dao)來游(you)者至多,故觀里(li)(li)商業亦(yi)為蘇(su)地(di)冠,從此或將(jiang)冷落(luo)矣(yi)(yi)。入訪詢起(qi)火(huo)原由(you),亦(yi)云不可得(de)知,徒(tu)知先有火(huo)在(zai)第二(er)層,而第二(er)層樓則常閉(bi)者也。”又(you)圣昌熾(chi)《緣(yuan)督廬日(ri)記(ji)》壬(ren)子年七月(yue)十(shi)六日(ri)記(ji)云:“晚餐正陳(chen),陡聞樓上驚呼聲,一舉首則霄半有光(guang)煜然(ran),墻壁窗(chuang)牖(you)皆如倒景反射(she),再(zai)視則紅火(huo)燭天矣(yi)(yi)。亟登樓視之(zhi)(zhi),白煙蓬蓬而起(qi),火(huo)星飛爆,如萬弩之(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi)發,寂無警笛(di)耳輪,但聞膈膊聲。自夜七鐘半,焚至八鐘半始熄。”偌(ruo)大(da)一座(zuo)樓閣化為灰燼。是失火(huo)?還是縱火(huo)?至今(jin)仍是謎。
中(zhong)山堂即在彌羅(luo)寶閣原址建造(zao),現(xian)為(wei)影劇公司占用。
玄(xuan)妙觀三(san)清殿于(yu)1982年(nian)2月列為(wei)全國(guo)重點文物保護單位。
玄妙觀極盛時(shi)有(you)殿(dian)宇30余座(zuo),是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)全國最大的(de)道(dao)觀。現有(you)山(shan)門(men)、主(zhu)殿(dian)(三(san)清殿(dian))、副 殿(dian)(彌羅(luo)寶(bao)閣)及21座(zuo)配(pei)殿(dian)。 山(shan)門(men)雄(xiong)偉高(gao)(gao)聳,上懸康熙帝御筆賜額(e)“圓妙觀”。南宋(song)淳熙 六年(nian)(nian)(1179年(nian)(nian))重建的(de)主(zhu)殿(dian)三(san)清殿(dian)面(mian)闊9間(jian),進深6間(jian),高(gao)(gao)約30米(mi)(mi), 建筑面(mian)積1125平方米(mi)(mi),重檐(yan)歇山(shan),巍峨壯(zhuang)麗,是(shi)(shi)江南一帶(dai)現存(cun)最 大的(de)宋(song)代木(mu)構(gou)建筑。殿(dian)中(zhong)須彌座(zuo)上供高(gao)(gao)17米(mi)(mi)泥塑(su)(su)貼金的(de)3尊(zun)(zun)神像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang), 正(zheng)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)元始天(tian)尊(zun)(zun),兩旁是(shi)(shi)靈寶(bao)天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)和道(dao)德(de)(de)天(tian)尊(zun)(zun),俗稱三(san)清。神像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang) 高(gao)(gao)大莊嚴(yan),是(shi)(shi)宋(song)代道(dao)教塑(su)(su)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)的(de)上品。三(san)清中(zhong)道(dao)德(de)(de)天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)又稱太上 老君,傳為老子(zi)李耳(er)。其像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)座(zuo)有(you)老君像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)刻(ke),為唐(tang)吳道(dao)子(zi)繪像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),唐(tang)玄宗(zong)題贊(zan),顏真(zhen)卿(qing)書,由宋(song)代刻(ke)石(shi)高(gao)(gao)手張允迪摹(mo)刻(ke),可稱“四(si) 絕”碑(bei),是(shi)(shi)目前國內僅(jin)存(cun)的(de)兩塊老子(zi)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)碑(bei)之(zhi)一。 三(san)清殿(dian)西山(shan)墻有(you)60根(gen)大青石(shi)六面(mian)柱(zhu),每(mei)面(mian)刻(ke)有(you)一天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),共 刻(ke)360天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),合周年(nian)(nian)數。 玄妙觀前一條街名觀前街,為蘇州的(de)主(zhu)要商業街之(zhi)一。
三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)為(wei)玄妙觀正殿(dian),南宋淳熙六(liu)年(1179)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)。重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇山造,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊9間(jian)(jian)(jian),廣45.64米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)深6間(jian)(jian)(jian),深25.25米(mi)(mi),通(tong)高(gao)約(yue)27米(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊與(yu)進(jin)(jin)深之比為(wei)9:5。殿(dian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)排列,縱橫成行,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)一致,共(gong)有7列,每(mei)列10柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu), 無“減柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”或“移柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”,俗稱(cheng)“滿堂(tang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。四(si)周檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)八角石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),共(gong)30根;殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)諸柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)除內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)槽(cao)(cao)中央(yang)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)4根后金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)抹角石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外(wai),均(jun)為(wei)圓木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),共(gong) 36根。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎均(jun)為(wei)連磉有唇覆盆式(shi)(shi)(shi),檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)再施仿(fang)木(mu)(mu)質八角形石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)腳(jiao),殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則于(yu)礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加石(shi)(shi)鼓。下(xia)(xia)檐(yan)(yan)斗拱(gong)為(wei)四(si)鋪單昂(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)的下(xia)(xia)緣向上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)微微反曲。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)嘴(zui)實為(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)檐(yan)(yan)華(hua)拱(gong)的延長,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)梁(liang)(liang)。梁(liang)(liang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)伸出(chu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)耍頭(tou)(tou)(tou),斫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)宋式(shi)(shi)(shi)梢頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。補間(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)皆用(yong)真(zhen)昂(ang)(ang)(ang),后尾挑起(qi),以(yi)承(cheng)(cheng)托(tuo)下(xia)(xia)平西方(fang)(fang)槫下(xia)(xia)的令(ling)拱(gong),即《營造法(fa)(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的“飛昂(ang)(ang)(ang)”制度。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)與(yu)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)均(jun)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang),結(jie)(jie)構完(wan)全一致,但僅為(wei)華(hua)拱(gong)前(qian)端做出(chu)假(jia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang),其后并無昂(ang)(ang)(ang)挑起(qi)的杠桿(gan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。至于(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)槽(cao)(cao)斗拱(gong),則于(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)抄(chao)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),前(qian)后兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)”成為(wei)“六(liu)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)抄(chao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)斗拱(gong)”結(jie)(jie)構,為(wei)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)孤例。在(zai)櫨斗兩側,結(jie)(jie)構完(wan)全對(dui)稱(cheng),較《營造法(fa)(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》所(suo)載上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)做法(fa)(fa)(fa)更為(wei)簡(jian)化。又內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)槽(cao)(cao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)轉角鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),在(zai)后金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都用(yong)插(cha)拱(gong),即以(yi)丁頭(tou)(tou)(tou)拱(gong)插(cha)于(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),無櫨斗,亦(yi)此殿(dian)斗拱(gong)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)特征,為(wei)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)現存最古實例。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)槽(cao)(cao)斗拱(gong)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),更施平棋,殿(dian)的梁(liang)(liang)架結(jie)(jie)構,外(wai)槽(cao)(cao)梁(liang)(liang)架先施順木(mu)(mu)伏 串,次于(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)架月(yue)(yue)(yue)梁(liang)(liang),復(fu)用(yong)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)又施櫨斗, 置十(shi)字交叉令(ling)拱(gong),承(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層月(yue)(yue)(yue)梁(liang)(liang)與(yu)槫下(xia)(xia)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)枋(fang)。結(jie)(jie)構與(yu)《營造法(fa)(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》亦(yi)能符(fu)合。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)額(e)除中央(yang)四(si)縫外(wai),都于(yu)其下(xia)(xia)另(ling)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)枋(fang),二者之間(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。殿(dian)的內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)槽(cao)(cao)中央(yang)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)后金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),筑磚壁達內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)額(e)下(xia)(xia)皮,壁前(qian)有磚砌須彌座(zuo), 面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊3間(jian)(jian)(jian),高(gao)1.75米(mi)(mi),式(shi)(shi)(shi)樣略(lve)如《營造法(fa)(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》而繁(fan)密過之。 上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)奉(feng)三(san)清(qing)(qing)像(xiang)(xiang),趺(fu)坐于(yu)方(fang)(fang)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),像(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)約(yue)6米(mi)(mi),高(gao)于(yu)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)約(yue)10.5米(mi)(mi),神態凝重(zhong)(zhong), 衣褶(zhe)生動,是古代道(dao)教(jiao)造像(xiang)(xiang)中的上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)壁間(jian)(jian)(jian)嵌(qian)有碑石(shi)(shi)多(duo)方(fang)(fang), 以(yi)南宋寶慶元年(1225)所(suo)刻“太上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)老(lao)君像(xiang)(xiang)”最為(wei)珍貴,像(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)代吳道(dao)子所(suo)繪,形貌蒼(cang)褶(zhe)流暢,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)有顏真(zhen)卿所(suo)書唐(tang)(tang)玄宗李(li)隆基(ji)的“贊”四(si)言十(shi)六(liu)句,刻工為(wei)張(zhang)允迪。三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)臺(tai)基(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊49.6米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)深29.5米(mi)(mi),現高(gao)出(chu)周圍(wei)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)約(yue)1 米(mi)(mi)。前(qian)施月(yue)(yue)(yue)臺(tai),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊27.2米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)深16.3米(mi)(mi),中央(yang)立鐵鼎。正面(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)左、右(you)各踏(ta)跺,周以(yi)青(qing)石(shi)(shi)勾欄。臺(tai)基(ji)僅南面(mian)(mian)(mian)東、西梢間(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)盡(jin)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有石(shi)(shi)欄,與(yu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)臺(tai)石(shi)(shi)欄貫通(tong),華(hua)版(ban)雕刻極細,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)容有人(ren)物、走獸、飛禽(qin)、水族、山水、云(yun)樹(shu)、亭閣等,頗為(wei)古樸生動,為(wei)宋或宋以(yi)前(qian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)。三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)是江蘇(su)最古的木(mu)(mu)結(jie)(jie)構建(jian)筑,也是國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)現存體量最大的宋代大殿(dian)。
正山門位于三清殿南約80米(mi)(mi)處,清乾隆四十年(1775)重建。重檐歇山造,面闊(kuo)5間(jian)(jian),廣20米(mi)(mi),進深12米(mi)(mi),于當心間(jian)(jian)脊(ji)柱間(jian)(jian)設斷砌(qi)門。
如意門(西腳門)內的雷(lei)尊殿(dian)初(chu)名雷(lei)神蓼(liao),亦為(wei)(wei)坐北朝南(nan)的重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)式建筑,明天順二年(1458)建,清(qing)康熙四(si)年(1665)重(zhong)修,面闊3間(jian),廣(guang)16米(mi),進深(shen)14米(mi),前加卷棚(peng)頂軒(xuan)廊3間(jian),與下檐(yan)(yan)形(xing)成勾連(lian)搭(da)屋頂,通進深(shen)21米(mi),梁架結構及柱礎制均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)明代(dai)特征,殿(dian)南(nan)尚存山(shan)門3間(jian)。此外,觀(guan)內現存殿(dian)閣,東有(you)(you)(you)財神殿(dian)、天醫藥王殿(dian)、火神殿(dian)、三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)、斗姆(mu)閣等(deng),西有(you)(you)(you)觀(guan)音殿(dian)、三(san)官殿(dian)等(deng),北有(you)(you)(you)蓑衣真人殿(dian)、方丈殿(dian)等(deng),多數為(wei)(wei)晚(wan)清(qing)重(zhong)建。
保存在觀內碑刻有數十種,上起(qi)宋代,下迄清末。
通(tong)(tong)神先生何蓑(suo)衣事實碑(bei) 在蓑(suo)衣真人殿。碑(bei)高(gao)1.55米、寬1.08米,胡袤(mao)撰(zhuan),宋孝宗(zong)脊(ji)題“通(tong)(tong)神庵”三(san)字,南宋慶元三(san)年(1197)刻石。
詔建(jian)三清大殿(dian)上梁文(wen)碑 在(zai)祖師殿(dian)遺址碑廊。碑高1.62米、寬0.93米,南宋淳熙八年(nian)(1181)龔(gong)頤正(zheng)撰,嘉(jia)定十(shi)一年(nian)(1218)立石,張允迪(di)刻(ke),原在(zai)三清殿(dian)。
老君像碑(bei) 在頤(yi)正殿。碑(bei)高1.8米、寬0.91米,吳道(dao)子畫(hua),唐玄宗李隆基贊,顏(yan)真卿(qing)書,馮大(da)同跋,張允迪刻,南宋寶慶(qing)元年(1225)立石(shi)。
朝旨蠲免天(tian)慶觀道(dao)正(zheng)司科(ke)敷度(du)牒尚書(shu)省(sheng)札部(bu)符(fu)使帖碑 在三清殿。高1.97米(mi)、寬1.08米(mi),頂端(duan)抹角,南宋端(duan)平(ping)元(yuan)年(1234)立。
清理道教(jiao)碑(bei) 在三(san)清殿(dian)外東側(ce)。高6.5米、寬2.7米,方孝孺(ru)撰并書,明洪武中年(nian)(1371)立,后方氏被(bei)誅,碑(bei)文被(bei)劃去,故俗稱無字碑(bei)。
重修三清殿記碑 在火(huo)神殿南(nan)小弄(nong)內。高1.66米、寬0.9米,王(wang)進撰,衛靖書,張(zhang)徽篆(zhuan)額,明(ming)宣德四(si)年(1429)呂志清立石,左上角殘(can)缺,碑文已漫漶。
重(zhong)修玄(xuan)妙觀五岳樓(lou)記碑(bei) 現(xian)存祖師遺址碑(bei)廊。高1.15米、寬0.66米,李杰撰,陳昌言刻(ke),明弘治十六年(1503)立,原置東岳殿。
玄妙(miao)觀三清殿(dian)至今(jin)已(yi)有(you)八百多年歷(li)史,九(jiu)開(kai)間的(de)宏(hong)殿(dian)巍(wei)峨軒昂,原(yuan)來(lai)說是(shi)在江(jiang)南(nan)絕無僅有(you),后來(lai)文物(wu)專(zhuan)家(jia)羅哲文來(lai)蘇考察,說是(shi)全(quan)國也沒有(you)這樣巨大的(de)南(nan)宋建筑( 其氣勢只(zhi)有(you)北京(jing)故宮的(de)太和殿(dian)和曲阜孔(kong)廟大成殿(dian)可與之相比、但這些建筑的(de)年代都遠遠晚于南(nan)宋), 所以三清殿(dian)稱為國寶當之無愧!
玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)為(wei)全國(guo)著名道觀(guan)(guan),又是歷史悠久的傳統集(ji)市。馮夢龍《警世(shi)通言》無(wu)礙居士(shi)序中說(shuo):“吾頃從玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)聽(ting)說(shuo)《三國(guo)志(zhi)》來。”說(shuo)明玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)在明天(tian)啟年間已(yi)有(you)露天(tian)書場(chang)。至(zhi)清代設攤(tan)者日(ri)多,遂演變(bian)成為(wei)古城(cheng)中心(xin)一處熱(re)鬧的集(ji)市,有(you)小吃、日(ri)用雜品(pin)、文具玩具、對聯字(zi)畫、花(hua)鳥魚(yu)蟲的攤(tan)店以(yi)及(ji)醫卜星相、江湖(hu)雜耍等等,五花(hua)八門,不一而足。茲就昔日(ri)報刊(kan)所載30年代前后玄(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)集(ji)市狀況略舉一二,以(yi)見其(qi)概貌。
玄妙觀的(de)小(xiao)吃,名(ming)目繁(fan)多(duo),如小(xiao)米子糖、灰湯粽、氽魷魚、熏魚、涼粉(fen)(fen)、藕粉(fen)(fen)、千張百頁、酒釀圓(yuan)子、豆(dou)腐(fu)花、糖粥、梅(mei)花糕、海棠糕、焐酥豆(dou)、五香茶葉蛋、雞鴨血湯,其余如面、小(xiao)籠饅(man)頭、鍋貼、燒賣、餛飩、湯團(tuan)等(deng)等(deng),應有(you)(you)(you)盡有(you)(you)(you)。著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)攤店(dian)(dian),有(you)(you)(you)專(zhuan)售梨膏糖的(de)文魁齋(zhai)、觀振興(xing)面店(dian)(dian)、王源(yuan)興(xing)酒釀豆(dou)漿店(dian)(dian)、小(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)天藕粉(fen)(fen)店(dian)(dian)、五芳齋(zhai)、六(liu)芳齋(zhai)、七芳齋(zhai)等(deng)等(deng),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)百年以上歷史的(de)三萬思(si)、品芳兩家(jia)茶館。可以說(shuo)玄妙觀是蘇(su)州小(xiao)吃最為(wei)集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)地方。
三(san)清殿內(nei)是(shi)傳統的年畫(hua)(hua)市場(chang),出售桃花塢出版的各種畫(hua)(hua)張,如神(shen)軸、灶神(shen)、門神(shen)、百壽(shou)圖、送子圖、鳳穿牡丹、魚跳龍(long)門、歲寒三(san)友、梅開五福、岳飛抗金、關羽夜讀春秋(qiu)、二十(shi)四孝等(deng)等(deng),民國(guo)以后上海的彩印(yin)美女(nv)圖、風景畫(hua)(hua)進入觀內(nei),受到大眾歡迎。另有對聯(lian)、立軸,并可請名(ming)家(jia)當場(chang)揮毫(hao),其中最著名(ming)者(zhe)汪煥(huan)文(度),自號“鄧尉山(shan)農”,在三(san)清殿書寫對聯(lian)數十(shi)年之久。
觀(guan)內(nei)空地經(jing)常演出各種(zhong)江湖雜耍(shua)(shua),有變戲法(fa)、木偶戲、耍(shua)(shua)猴戲、西洋鏡、唱小(xiao)熱昏、賣拳(quan)頭、說露天(tian)書等等。鑼鼓(gu)響處(chu),圍滿人群,熙熙攘(rang)攘(rang),熱鬧非凡。
醫卜(bu)星(xing)相(xiang)更是(shi)(shi)玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大特(te)(te)色,有(you)(you)(you)(you)祖傳(chuan)秘方(fang)、專治(zhi)氣喘、癆疾(ji)、筋骨酸疼的(de)(de)(de)(de)江湖郎(lang)中,有(you)(you)(you)(you)撥牙(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)醫,有(you)(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)治(zhi)跌打損傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)傷科等(deng)等(deng)。遠(yuan)近聞名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葛云(yun)彬、謝明(ming)德都(dou)曾(ceng)在(zai)此掛牌設攤(tan)。算(suan)命(ming)、相(xiang)面、測字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)中在(zai)東腳門(men)至牛角浜一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)當街設一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桌(zhuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)椅,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設館(guan),總稱(cheng)“巾(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)”,七十二(er)巾(jin)(jin)可謂(wei)樣樣齊全。有(you)(you)(you)(you)量手曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“量巾(jin)(jin)”,鳥銜設牌曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“鳥巾(jin)(jin)”,拉胡琴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“夾絲巾(jin)(jin)”,敲(qiao)搭板小鑼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“響(xiang)巾(jin)(jin)”,相(xiang)面曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“斬盤搶巾(jin)(jin)”,批八(ba)字(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“八(ba)黑”,搖課曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“圓頭”,拆字(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“小黑”,瞎子摸牌曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“觀(guan)(guan)梅”。相(xiang)面有(you)(you)(you)(you)手相(xiang)、摸骨相(xiang)等(deng)幾種,以一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑒明(ming)(真名(ming)(ming)(ming)張(zhang)子芳)、朱少卿(qing)最為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。相(xiang)面兼算(suan)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)明(ming)山(shan)人(ren)(ren)、王一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舟(zhou)等(deng)。算(suan)命(ming)兼堪輿(yu)(風水(shui)、 地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)、流年、合婚)的(de)(de)(de)(de),以楊(yang)鳳巢、蔣通天、凌云(yun)山(shan)、楊(yang)守成、 鄒慕鴻等(deng)為(wei)主(zhu)。拆字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)談虎臣、張(zhang)天良(liang)等(deng)。起(qi)課的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文王課、六壬課,以明(ming)如鏡為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。還有(you)(you)(you)(you)鴻運來(lai)(真名(ming)(ming)(ming)泊良(liang))的(de)(de)(de)(de)烏龜(gui)測字(zi)(zi),他(ta)把(ba)事先(xian)用膠水(shui)寫好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)條,放在(zai)置有(you)(you)(you)(you)烏賊骨粉的(de)(de)(de)(de)烏龜(gui)殼內(nei),搖動幾下便顯(xian)出字(zi)(zi)跡,以此吸引好(hao)奇(qi)者(zhe)。他(ta)們或(huo)取號“賽(sai)諸葛”、“小神仙”,或(huo)自稱(cheng)“能知過去(qu)未來(lai),善斷(duan)吉兇禍福”,舉(ju)凡(fan)男(nan)女婚配、家庭(ting)糾紛、生(sheng)老病死、官(guan)運財氣均是(shi)(shi)他(ta)們測算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍。俗話說“江湖一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)訣(jue),莫(mo)對(dui)妻(qi)子說,若(ruo)對(dui)妻(qi)子說,飯(fan)都(dou)沒得吃(chi)!”然(ran)而,明(ming)明(ming)是(shi)(shi)迷信(xin)騙局,卻有(you)(you)(you)(you)無數人(ren)(ren)找(zhao)到(dao)他(ta)們尋求慰(wei)藉,直到(dao)解放后他(ta)們才由政府安排轉業。以上所(suo)述說明(ming),由于(yu)玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史和地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)條件(jian),使它(ta)(ta)成為(wei)與北京(jing)天橋、南(nan)京(jing)夫子廟(miao)、上海老城隍廟(miao)齊名(ming)(ming)(ming)而又具有(you)(you)(you)(you)蘇(su)州地(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)鬧場(chang)所(suo)。蘇(su)州人(ren)(ren)常說“白(bai)相(xiang)玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)”,外地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)到(dao)蘇(su)州也必至玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)游,這已經成為(wei)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)共識。隨著時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)也在(zai)不斷(duan)發(fa)生(sheng)變化,但它(ta)(ta)既是(shi)(shi)古跡名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝,又為(wei)傳(chuan)統集(ji)(ji)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)基本(ben)性質和特(te)(te)點(dian),始終(zhong)未變,1956年,對(dui)玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)攤(tan)販(fan)進行(xing)(xing)整理(li)(li)(li),保持(chi)了小吃(chi)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統特(te)(te)色。“文化大革命(ming)”期間,取消玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)集(ji)(ji)市(shi)。1979年12月(yue),江蘇(su)省12市(shi)、縣糖果評(ping)展會在(zai)玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)舉(ju)辦,隨后小吃(chi)攤(tan)、服裝攤(tan)、雜貨攤(tan)及(ji)縫(feng)紉(ren)攤(tan)擁(yong)塞觀(guan)(guan)內(nei),成為(wei)蘇(su)州恢復的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)市(shi)。經多年整理(li)(li)(li)和規劃(hua),建起(qi)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)售貨亭,西腳門(men)甬(yong)道南(nan)段(duan)設20多個傳(chuan)統小吃(chi)亭,北段(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)10多個縫(feng)紉(ren)攤(tan);東腳門(men)南(nan)段(duan)為(wei)服裝售貨亭,北段(duan)為(wei)修補(bu)皮匠攤(tan)點(dian);三清(qing)殿(dian)后興(xing)起(qi)漁(yu)(yu)網漁(yu)(yu)具市(shi)場(chang)。1985年,玄(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)157個攤(tan)位(wei)。
門票:
10元(yuan)(寺觀覽(lan)勝);15元(yuan)(姑(gu)蘇道教仙樂);10元(yuan)(道教飛鈸表演(yan))。
公交:
乘坐1、102、146、178、202、502到觀(guan)前街(jie)(東、西(xi)或樂(le)橋)后,步行至街(jie)中段的玄妙觀(guan)內。
可乘游1東線到(dao)玄(xuan)妙觀站(zhan)(zhan)下(xia)車(che),或乘2線 、1路(lu)、101路(lu)、38路(lu)等到(dao)觀前(qian)街站(zhan)(zhan)下(xia)車(che)。