玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)是位(wei)于中(zhong)國東南部著名旅游城市蘇州的(de)著名道(dao)觀(guan),創建(jian)于公(gong)元(yuan)276年(nian)(nian),最初名叫“真(zhen)慶(qing)道(dao)院”,后來曾改(gai)稱為(wei)(wei)“開(kai)元(yuan)宮(gong)”、“天慶(qing)觀(guan)”。公(gong)元(yuan)1295年(nian)(nian)元(yuan)朝皇帝(di)下令(ling)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)。玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)至(zhi)今已有1700多年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史,所以(yi)被稱為(wei)(wei)“江南第一古觀(guan)”。
玄妙(miao)觀坐(zuo)落在(zai)蘇州古城中心,其主殿(dian)(dian)三清殿(dian)(dian)建成(cheng)于(yu)南宋(song)(song)年間,是蘇州僅存的一座南宋(song)(song)木構殿(dian)(dian)宇式建筑,歷(li)史悠(you)久、規模宏偉,在(zai)中國(guo)建筑史上(shang)具有(you)重要的歷(li)史價值(zhi),1982年被(bei)列為全國(guo)重點文物保護(hu)單位。
現玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)進(jin)行(xing)了修復整治,有(you)殿堂七座,中(zhong)路有(you)正(zheng)山門、三(san)清殿,東路有(you)文(wen)昌殿、斗姆(mu)閣、壽星殿,西路有(you)雷尊(zun)殿、財神殿。觀(guan)內有(you)很(hen)多珍貴的文(wen)物遺(yi)跡,道教文(wen)化(hua)內涵深厚,是中(zhong)國少有(you)的完(wan)整道觀(guan)建筑群(qun),其中(zhong)三(san)清殿現仍(reng)保留著宋代建筑的風貌與特(te)點(dian)。
玄妙觀(guan)歷史上曾是(shi)(shi)蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)宗教文化(hua)中(zhong)心,現是(shi)(shi)蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)地區道教活動(dong)的(de)主要場所。由于優越的(de)地理位置,眾多的(de)文物古跡以(yi)及豐富(fu)的(de)道教文化(hua)內涵,玄妙觀(guan)已成為蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)市著名的(de)旅游景點之(zhi)一。
蘇州香火(huo)最盛(sheng)的(de)地方并(bing)非佛教寺廟(miao),而是道(dao)教的(de)玄(xuan)妙觀。
玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于西晉,已有(you)1700余年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史。觀內建(jian)(jian)(jian)于南(nan)宋的(de)(de)三(san)清(qing)殿是江南(nan)最大的(de)(de)木構(gou)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。殿內供(gong)奉的(de)(de)高達17米的(de)(de)三(san)清(qing)(上清(qing)、玉(yu)清(qing)、太清(qing))塑像,堪(kan)稱宋代(dai)雕塑的(de)(de)上佳之作(zuo)。玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀中現存有(you)唐吳道子畫老君像、玄(xuan)宗贊(zan)、顏真卿書(shu)法等碑刻,彌足珍貴.
除三清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)正山門外,玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)還有歷代(dai)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)的副殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)二(er)十(shi)四座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),從東(dong)腳門依次(ci)(ci)為:神(shen)(shen)州(zhou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(元)、太(tai)陽(yang)宮(gong)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、天醫藥王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(宋(song)(song)(song)(song))、真(zhen)官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(元)、天后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、文昌(chang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(元)、斗姆閣(清(qing)(qing)(qing) )、火(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、三茅殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(宋(song)(song)(song)(song))、機房殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(明)、關(guan)帝殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(元)、東(dong)岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(宋(song)(song)(song)(song))、痘司殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(宋(song)(song)(song)(song))等十(shi)四處,西腳門配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)依次(ci)(ci)為:雷尊殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(元)、壽星(xing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(宋(song)(song)(song)(song))、水(shui)府殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))等七處。三清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后為彌羅寶閣,再后面是(shi)蓑衣真(zhen)人(ren)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(宋(song)(song)(song)(song))、肝胃殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(清(qing)(qing)(qing))、薩祖方(fang)丈殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所供神(shen)(shen)像大(da)都出自神(shen)(shen)話(hua)傳說(shuo),如太(tai)陽(yang)神(shen)(shen)、雷神(shen)(shen)、火(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)、關(guan)帝、文曲星(xing)、灶(zao)神(shen)(shen)、土(tu)地(di)、八仙、壽星(xing)、觀(guan)音等,體(ti)現了(le)蘇州(zhou)地(di)方(fang)文化特色(se)和(he)民間(jian)信仰的色(se)彩,曾是(shi)城鄉老百姓精神(shen)(shen)寄托和(he)休閑(xian)娛(yu)樂的去所。從康熙十(shi)三年(nian)(公元674年(nian))玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)圖上可(ke)以看出東(dong)至洙泗巷, 西臨大(da)成(cheng)坊,北至舊學(xue)前河(he),南面有黃色(se)照墻橫亙正山門兩側,整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)十(shi)分壯觀(guan)。彈丸之(zhi)地(di)集中了(le)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)元明清(qing)(qing)(qing)歷代(dai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇,真(zhen)可(ke)謂(wei)是(shi)一座古典建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的博物館。
據道光《元妙觀(guan)(guan)志(zhi)》圖載,清(qing)(qing)代玄妙觀(guan)(guan)盛時占(zhan)地5.5萬平(ping)方米(mi),共有30多座(zuo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)。中軸(zhou)線上自(zi)南(nan)而北依次為正山門、三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、彌羅(luo)寶(bao)閣(ge)(ge),其他殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)分布(bu)在25處(chu)自(zi)成(cheng)院落的(de)“子院”內,如眾(zhong)星(xing)拱(gong)月(yue)(yue)般(ban)從東、西(xi)、北三(san)面圍繞著中軸(zhou)線上的(de)主要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge),形成(cheng)一片(pian)巍峨壯麗(li)的(de)建筑群。但(dan)自(zi)咸豐、同(tong)治之際遭(zao)受(shou)戰火(huo)后,即漸趨衰(shuai)落,未(wei)能恢復(fu)舊觀(guan)(guan),宏偉(wei)的(de)彌羅(luo)寶(bao)閣(ge)(ge)也于(yu)民國元年(nian)(1912)8月(yue)(yue)28日失火(huo)焚毀。1956年(nian),整修三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、 正山門及(ji)東、西(xi)諸(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門墻,清(qing)(qing)理廣庭。同(tong)年(nian),玄妙觀(guan)(guan)三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被列為省(sheng)文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。1966年(nian)后遭(zao)受(shou)損壞(huai),1981年(nian)再修三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)正山門。1982年(nian),玄妙觀(guan)(guan)三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被列為全(quan)國重點(dian)文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。
蘇州市(shi)政(zheng)府又(you)連(lian)續(xu)撥巨款重(zhong)修玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀正山門和三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)神像重(zhong)塑金身,已于1999年元月開光慶典。
玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀多數殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)各(ge)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)門(men)、照墻,觀內(nei)(nei)廣場商販(fan)與(yu)百(bai)戲雜(za)陳。觀內(nei)(nei)方丈殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)穹窿山(shan)(shan)上真觀下(xia)院(yuan),直至(zhi)民(min)(min)國(guo)初,該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)振(zhen)法堂內(nei)(nei)高(gao)懸(xuan)戒規(gui),內(nei)(nei)容(rong)主要有(you)(you)不(bu)準(zhun)娶家(jia)室、不(bu)準(zhun)目(mu)無師(shi)長等。違(wei)反戒規(gui)者,輕則(ze)重責、重則(ze)開除(chu)(chu)(chu)(俗稱(cheng)“貼(tie)革(ge)條”)。方丈為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)觀之(zhi)主。民(min)(min)國(guo)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)28日, 大(da)廈三(san)(san)層、飛甍隆棟的彌(mi)羅(luo)寶(bao)閣失(shi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焚毀,內(nei)(nei)僅金(jin)身神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)就有(you)(you)380余(yu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun),閶(chang)門(men)外(wai)(wai)十房莊淘沙戶曾(ceng)擬出(chu)(chu)資(zi)1萬元(yuan)(yuan)承包清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)場垃圾。方丈倪(ni)仰(yang)云因失(shi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)(bei)提出(chu)(chu)公訴(su)并辭職,自此方丈威(wei)信大(da)降,戒規(gui)松弛。方丈管(guan)2房、6殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至(zhi)北伐時,方丈殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還(huan)有(you)(you)五(wu)六處山(shan)(shan)房,近(jin)百(bai)間(jian)(jian)屋(wu)。各(ge)房輪流(liu)執管(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事,有(you)(you)帳房、文書(shu)及(ji)香工10余(yu)人(ren),廚師(shi)2人(ren)。其(qi)余(yu)12房分(fen)(fen)掌一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)二、三(san)(san)座殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),實各(ge)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)獨立道院(yuan)。22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)太(tai)陽宮住(zhu)持許(xu)鶴梅曾(ceng)去(qu)上海合伙(huo)開設玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀分(fen)(fen)院(yuan),一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)因生意不(bu)好而收歇。20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代至(zhi)抗(kang)日戰爭中,祖師(shi)、灶君、八仙、壽(shou)星(xing)、水府、關帝諸(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相繼(ji)圮廢、改建或被(bei)(bei)日機(ji)轟炸震(zhen)坍。三(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)擺(bai)滿字畫(hua)攤,屋(wu)面被(bei)(bei)敵偽人(ren)員捉鴿子踐踏(ta)得嚴(yan)重漏雨。機(ji)房殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曾(ceng)開設賭場,長期(qi)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)和(he)被(bei)(bei)典賣的有(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)州殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)痘司殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。民(min)(min)國(guo)6、32、33和(he)35年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)曾(ceng)先后(hou)修葺東(dong)岳、真官(guan)、雷尊(zun)(zun)(zun)和(he)觀音(yin)(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),但其(qi)余(yu)諸(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)日趨破(po)敗。近(jin)解(jie)放時正山(shan)(shan)門(men)淪為(wei)(wei)銀元(yuan)(yuan)市場。至(zhi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)存正山(shan)(shan)門(men)及(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)17座(即三(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)、方丈、 真人(ren)、肝胃(wei)、藥(yao)王、東(dong)岳、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、三(san)(san)茅、天后(hou)、真官(guan)、文昌、機(ji)房、三(san)(san)官(guan)、雷尊(zun)(zun)(zun)、觀音(yin)(yin)諸(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)斗姆(mu)閣、太(tai)陽宮)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)道士33人(ren),家(jia)屬83人(ren),香工6人(ren);有(you)(you)屋(wu)523.5間(jian)(jian),內(nei)(nei)自用200間(jian)(jian),余(yu)多出(chu)(chu)租(zu)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)統計,占地51.72畝,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)519尊(zun)(zun)(zun),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)將廣場周(zhou)圍600余(yu)戶店(dian)攤居民(min)(min)遷出(chu)(chu),斗姆(mu)閣改建為(wei)(wei)書(shu)畫(hua)店(dian)。1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全觀收入(ru):房地租(zu)454元(yuan)(yuan),香火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)94元(yuan)(yuan),法事29元(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)他343元(yuan)(yuan)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)道教學習會直接掌管(guan)三(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)、星(xing)宿(原屬觀音(yin)(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)將在(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)花甲星(xing)宿塑像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遷入(ru),故(gu)名)兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)雷尊(zun)(zun)(zun)、 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen),余(yu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)留少量道士自住(zhu)外(wai)(wai),都(dou)交(jiao)給(gei)房管(guan)局管(guan)理,13道房至(zhi)此消失(shi)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)東(dong)岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)焚毀。該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)的五(wu)岳樓,構建工巧,四(si)面殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu),中峙一(yi)(yi)樓,“大(da)躍(yue)進”中全殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)拆去(qu)。1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)市政府又撥(bo)款(kuan)整修,三(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)正山(shan)(shan)門(men)油(you)漆一(yi)(yi)新,廣場中遍(bian)植綠樹(shu)草茵。“文化大(da)革(ge)命”起,除(chu)(chu)(chu)三(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)幸獲(huo)保存(“玉清(qing)(qing)(qing)”神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的頭部(bu)被(bei)(bei)砍(kan))外(wai)(wai),其(qi)余(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、道經、科書(shu)被(bei)(bei)焚燒數晝夜,銅像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)8尊(zun)(zun)(zun)亦被(bei)(bei)毀,三(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)度改為(wei)(wei)收租(zu)院(yuan)泥(ni)塑展覽(lan)會,兩廊各(ge)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai) 60~70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代陸續改作商店(dian)、倉庫、菜場。
其間失去的(de)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彌羅寶閣,1912年(nian)失火(huo)(huo)焚毀,原地改(gai)建中山堂;灶君殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1917年(nian)出(chu)借給同仁救火(huo)(huo)會(hui),1930年(nian)被(bei)(bei)會(hui)擅自拆除改(gai)建,后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞保用品(pin)商店;太陽宮,1914年(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳縣(xian)黃天源糕團店門(men)市部;東(dong)岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1922年(nian)出(chu)租給昆(kun)劇業余(yu)劇團,1959年(nian)東(dong)岳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)失火(huo)(huo)燒毀,1961年(nian)該(gai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)山門(men)及殿(dian)(dian)(dian)址由影劇公司使用;斗姆閣,解放前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)攤販公會(hui)使用,抗戰勝利后(hou)(hou)被(bei)(bei)典賣給居民(min)(min)(min),現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)居;祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1937年(nian)蘇(su)州(zhou)淪陷時(shi)毀,現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輕工門(men)市部;八仙殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1931年(nian)坍(tan)毀,現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)菜(cai)場;三官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1931年(nian)借給春苑茶館,現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)茶場;水府殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1931年(nian)造(zao)國(guo)貨公司時(shi),將(jiang)北局觀前菜(cai)場遷移(yi)至此(ci),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)被(bei)(bei)拆掉(diao);關帝殿(dian)(dian)(dian),1937年(nian)日機轟炸被(bei)(bei)震坍(tan),現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)花木盆景(jing)公司;痘司殿(dian)(dian)(dian),30年(nian)代被(bei)(bei)典押(ya)后(hou)(hou)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)居。今仍(reng)屬道教(jiao)使用的(de)除正山門(men)、三清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)外,尚(shang)有火(huo)(huo)神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、財神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、星(xing)宿殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷尊(zun)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),其余(yu)的(de)則后(hou)(hou)來又被(bei)(bei)有關單(dan)位占用或拆除。
玄(xuan)妙觀內(nei)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)積淀深厚,民間傳說動人,舊有(you)十八景(jing)之說,分(fen)別(bie)為元趙孟頫所(suo)書玄(xuan)妙觀重(zhong)修山門碑、麒麟照墻(qiang)、朝北玄(xuan)帝(di)銅殿、六角(jiao)亭(ting)、釘(ding)釘(ding)石欄桿、一(yi)步三條橋、無字(zi)碑、海星壇、一(yi)人弄(nong)、楊芝畫(hua)、運木古井(jing)、妙一(yi)統元匾(bian)額、靠(kao)天吃飯圖碑,如今十八景(jing)中(zhong)還(huan)保存九(jiu)處。玄(xuan)妙觀文(wen)(wen)物中(zhong)著名的還(huan)有(you)歷代碑刻,有(you)老子(zi)像碑、永禁機匠叫歇碑等(deng)等(deng)計有(you)八十一(yi)塊。除部分(fen)收(shou)藏在(zai)文(wen)(wen)廟外,還(huan)余下不少(shao)成為碑廊,現藏在(zai)輕工門市部夾弄(nong)內(nei),歷劫不滅,彌足(zu)珍貴(gui)。
玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)值得一提的還有(you)正山門八字照(zhao)墻,當(dang)年為(wei)此(ci)還掀起過(guo)一場(chang)軒(xuan)然大(da)波(bo)。照(zhao)墻前(qian)原有(you)一排平屋(wu),有(you)七、八家商鋪,1930年觀(guan)前(qian)街拓寬,影響這(zhe)些商鋪,德記地(di)產公司出面向玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)方丈顏品笙協(xie)商拆(chai)除照(zhao)墻,租用兩側(ce)地(di)基,搭(da)屋(wu)經(jing)商,條件是訂約(yue)十五年,付給押金一萬元。此(ci)舉一出,引起地(di)方人士反(fan)對(dui),形成(cheng)“保(bao)古(gu)派”與“保(bao)商派”之(zhi)爭,后(hou)經(jing)江蘇省(sheng)建設(she)廳批(pi)準,正山門兩端(duan)建起了與玄(xuan)妙(miao)觀(guan)極不(bu)協(xie)調的三層樓房,道觀(guan)古(gu)樸肅穆的風貌從(cong)此(ci)不(bu)復再現(xian)。
玄妙觀(guan)三清殿之(zhi)后(hou),原有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)始建(jian)于(yu)明正統三年(nian)(nian)(1438)的(de)彌羅寶閣(ge)。閣(ge)高3層,闊9間(jian),飛(fei)檐翹角,高聳云天,十分壯觀(guan)。所供(gong)神像,上層是萬(wan)皇帝主,左右配祀(si)(si)28星(xing)(xing)宿;底層是萬(wan)地帝主,左右配祀(si)(si)60花甲(jia)星(xing)(xing)宿。露(lu)臺石(shi)(shi)刻尤稱珍貴(gui),轉(zhuan)角處嵌有(you)(you)(you)畫像石(shi)(shi),一(yi)刻□爵祿來同(tong)像,一(yi)刻掛印封(feng)侯(hou)像,另一(yi)面(mian)刻有(you)(you)(you)八蠻進寶圖。露(lu)臺扶欄亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)精美石(shi)(shi)雕,古(gu)氣磅礴,與山東武梁(liang)祠、郭(guo)巨墓(mu)漢畫石(shi)(shi)刻,神態逼肖,當為晉寧道院或唐開(kai)元宮之(zhi)舊物。如(ru)此(ci)一(yi)座(zuo)堪稱蘇州樓(lou)閣(ge)之(zhi)最的(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑, 卻(que)不(bu)幸(xing)毀于(yu)民(min)國元年(nian)(nian)(1912)8月28日(ri)晚的(de)一(yi)場(chang)至今原因不(bu)明的(de)大火之(zhi)中。
葉圣(sheng)陶(tao)在(zai)失(shi)火當日日記中記云(yun)(yun):“入(ru)夜,紅(hong)光燭天,人聲喧沓,開(kai)門而望之(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)余家西北面(mian),繼而鑼聲四應矣(yi)(yi)。后(hou)知燒去者為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀里(li)彌羅寶閣(ge)(ge)(ge)。此閣(ge)(ge)(ge)年(nian)代極(ji)古,工(gong)程至鉅(ju)且精。偌大(da)建筑(zhu)物付之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)炬,殊可惜,且守(shou)者止一(yi)(yi)二人,石(shi)柱堅墻何(he)(he)致(zhi)起火?即著火亦何(he)(he)致(zhi)全毀?一(yi)(yi)般迷信家恐又將造出許多(duo)神話也。”翌(yi)日葉至現(xian)場(chang)察(cha)看后(hou)于日記中寫道(dao):“晨至頡剛處,幾(ji)伊(yi)亦來,乃偕赴(fu)觀里(li)觀火場(chang)劫(jie)場(chang)。可憐(lian)莊嚴(yan)宮殿(dian)只剩碎瓦殘灰(hui),神鬼(gui)威力(li)果何(he)(he)在(zai)哉!亦可稍示迷信家矣(yi)(yi)。然觀里(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吳中名(ming)勝,遠道(dao)來游者至多(duo),故(gu)觀里(li)商(shang)業(ye)亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)蘇地(di)冠,從(cong)此或將冷落矣(yi)(yi)。入(ru)訪詢起火原由,亦云(yun)(yun)不可得知,徒(tu)知先有(you)火在(zai)第二層,而第二層樓則(ze)常閉者也。”又圣(sheng)昌熾(chi)《緣督廬日記》壬子年(nian)七(qi)月(yue)十(shi)六日記云(yun)(yun):“晚餐正陳,陡聞樓上驚呼聲,一(yi)(yi)舉首則(ze)霄(xiao)半有(you)光煜然,墻壁窗(chuang)牖皆如倒景反射,再視則(ze)紅(hong)火燭天矣(yi)(yi)。亟登樓視之(zhi)(zhi),白煙蓬蓬而起,火星飛爆,如萬弩之(zhi)(zhi)齊(qi)發,寂無(wu)警笛(di)耳輪,但聞膈膊聲。自夜七(qi)鐘半,焚(fen)至八鐘半始(shi)熄。”偌大(da)一(yi)(yi)座樓閣(ge)(ge)(ge)化為(wei)(wei)(wei)灰(hui)燼。是(shi)失(shi)火?還是(shi)縱火?至今(jin)仍是(shi)謎(mi)。
中山堂即在彌羅(luo)寶閣原(yuan)址建造(zao),現為影劇公司(si)占用。
玄妙觀三清殿(dian)于(yu)1982年2月列為全國重點文物(wu)保護單位。
玄妙(miao)(miao)觀極盛時(shi)有殿(dian)(dian)宇30余座,是(shi)當時(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)(de)(de)道觀。現(xian)有山(shan)門、主殿(dian)(dian)(三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian))、副(fu) 殿(dian)(dian)(彌(mi)羅寶閣)及21座配殿(dian)(dian)。 山(shan)門雄偉高聳,上懸(xuan)康熙帝御筆賜額“圓妙(miao)(miao)觀”。南(nan)宋(song)淳熙 六年(nian)(1179年(nian))重建的(de)(de)(de)主殿(dian)(dian)三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊9間,進(jin)深6間,高約30米, 建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積1125平方米,重檐歇山(shan),巍峨壯麗(li),是(shi)江南(nan)一(yi)帶(dai)現(xian)存最 大的(de)(de)(de)宋(song)代(dai)木構(gou)建筑(zhu)。殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)須(xu)彌(mi)座上供高17米泥塑貼金的(de)(de)(de)3尊(zun)神像(xiang)(xiang), 正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)元始天(tian)尊(zun),兩旁是(shi)靈(ling)寶天(tian)尊(zun)和道德天(tian)尊(zun),俗(su)稱三(san)清(qing)。神像(xiang)(xiang) 高大莊嚴(yan),是(shi)宋(song)代(dai)道教塑像(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)上品。三(san)清(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)道德天(tian)尊(zun)又稱太上 老(lao)(lao)君(jun),傳(chuan)為(wei)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)李耳。其像(xiang)(xiang)座有老(lao)(lao)君(jun)像(xiang)(xiang)石刻,為(wei)唐(tang)吳道子(zi)(zi)繪像(xiang)(xiang),唐(tang)玄宗(zong)題贊,顏真卿書,由宋(song)代(dai)刻石高手張允迪摹刻,可稱“四 絕”碑(bei),是(shi)目前國(guo)(guo)內僅存的(de)(de)(de)兩塊老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)像(xiang)(xiang)碑(bei)之(zhi)一(yi)。 三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)西山(shan)墻有60根大青石六面(mian)(mian)柱,每面(mian)(mian)刻有一(yi)天(tian)尊(zun)像(xiang)(xiang),共 刻360天(tian)尊(zun)像(xiang)(xiang),合周年(nian)數。 玄妙(miao)(miao)觀前一(yi)條街(jie)名觀前街(jie),為(wei)蘇(su)州的(de)(de)(de)主要商業(ye)街(jie)之(zhi)一(yi)。
三(san)(san)(san)清殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)妙觀正殿(dian),南宋(song)(song)淳(chun)熙六(liu)年(1179)重(zhong)建。重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山造,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)9間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),廣45.64米(mi),進深6間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),深25.25米(mi),通高(gao)約(yue)27米(mi),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)與(yu)進深之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比為(wei)(wei)(wei)9:5。殿(dian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)排列,縱橫成行(xing),內(nei)外一致(zhi)(zhi),共有(you)(you)7列,每列10柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu), 無(wu)(wu)“減柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”或(huo)“移柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”,俗稱“滿(man)堂(tang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。四(si)周(zhou)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)八角(jiao)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),共30根;殿(dian)內(nei)諸柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)除內(nei)槽(cao)(cao)中(zhong)央三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)4根后(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)抹角(jiao)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外,均為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓木柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),共 36根。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎均為(wei)(wei)(wei)連磉有(you)(you)唇覆盆式(shi)(shi)(shi),檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)再施(shi)(shi)仿木質八角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)腳,殿(dian)內(nei)木柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則于(yu)(yu)(yu)礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)石(shi)(shi)鼓。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)檐(yan)斗(dou)拱為(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)鋪(pu)(pu)單昂,昂的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)緣向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)微微反(fan)曲。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)昂嘴實為(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)檐(yan)華拱的(de)(de)延長,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)承(cheng)月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)頭(tou)伸(shen)出作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)耍(shua)頭(tou),斫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)宋(song)(song)式(shi)(shi)(shi)梢頭(tou)。補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)皆用(yong)(yong)真昂,后(hou)尾挑起,以承(cheng)托下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)平西方(fang)槫下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)令拱,即(ji)《營造法(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)“飛(fei)昂”制度(du)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)與(yu)補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)昂,結(jie)(jie)(jie)構完(wan)全一致(zhi)(zhi),但僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)華拱前端做出假昂,其后(hou)并無(wu)(wu)昂挑起的(de)(de)杠桿作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)槽(cao)(cao)斗(dou)拱,則于(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)抄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),前后(hou)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)昂”成為(wei)(wei)(wei)“六(liu)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)抄上(shang)(shang)(shang)昂斗(dou)拱”結(jie)(jie)(jie)構,為(wei)(wei)(wei)國內(nei)孤例(li)。在(zai)櫨(lu)斗(dou)兩(liang)側,結(jie)(jie)(jie)構完(wan)全對稱,較《營造法(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》所載上(shang)(shang)(shang)昂做法(fa)(fa)更為(wei)(wei)(wei)簡化。又(you)內(nei)槽(cao)(cao)內(nei)轉角(jiao)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),在(zai)后(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)都用(yong)(yong)插拱,即(ji)以丁頭(tou)拱插于(yu)(yu)(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內(nei),無(wu)(wu)櫨(lu)斗(dou),亦此殿(dian)斗(dou)拱重(zhong)要特(te)征,為(wei)(wei)(wei)國內(nei)現存最古(gu)(gu)(gu)實例(li)。內(nei)槽(cao)(cao)斗(dou)拱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),更施(shi)(shi)平棋,殿(dian)的(de)(de)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架結(jie)(jie)(jie)構,外槽(cao)(cao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架先施(shi)(shi)順木伏 串,次于(yu)(yu)(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)架月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang),復用(yong)(yong)襻(pan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)施(shi)(shi)櫨(lu)斗(dou), 置十(shi)字(zi)交叉(cha)令拱,承(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)槫下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)枋。結(jie)(jie)(jie)構與(yu)《營造法(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》亦能(neng)符合。內(nei)額除中(zhong)央四(si)縫外,都于(yu)(yu)(yu)其下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)另(ling)加(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)枋,二(er)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)襻(pan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。殿(dian)的(de)(de)內(nei)槽(cao)(cao)中(zhong)央5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),筑(zhu)(zhu)磚(zhuan)壁(bi)達內(nei)額下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)皮,壁(bi)前有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)砌須(xu)彌(mi)座(zuo), 面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),高(gao)1.75米(mi),式(shi)(shi)(shi)樣略如《營造法(fa)(fa)式(shi)(shi)(shi)》而繁密過(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 上(shang)(shang)(shang)奉(feng)三(san)(san)(san)清像,趺坐于(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang),像高(gao)約(yue)6米(mi),高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)約(yue)10.5米(mi),神態凝重(zhong), 衣(yi)褶(zhe)生(sheng)動,是古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)道(dao)教造像中(zhong)的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)。殿(dian)內(nei)壁(bi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)嵌有(you)(you)碑石(shi)(shi)多方(fang), 以南宋(song)(song)寶慶元年(1225)所刻(ke)“太上(shang)(shang)(shang)老(lao)君(jun)像”最為(wei)(wei)(wei)珍(zhen)貴,像為(wei)(wei)(wei)唐代(dai)吳道(dao)子所繪,形(xing)(xing)貌蒼褶(zhe)流暢,上(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)有(you)(you)顏真卿(qing)所書(shu)唐玄(xuan)宗李隆基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)“贊”四(si)言十(shi)六(liu)句,刻(ke)工為(wei)(wei)(wei)張(zhang)允迪。三(san)(san)(san)清殿(dian)臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)49.6米(mi),進深29.5米(mi),現高(gao)出周(zhou)圍(wei)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)約(yue)1 米(mi)。前施(shi)(shi)月(yue)臺(tai),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)27.2米(mi),進深16.3米(mi),中(zhong)央立鐵鼎(ding)。正面(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)左、右各踏跺,周(zhou)以青石(shi)(shi)勾欄。臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)僅(jin)南面(mian)(mian)(mian)東、西梢間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及盡(jin)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)欄,與(yu)月(yue)臺(tai)石(shi)(shi)欄貫通,華版雕(diao)刻(ke)極細,內(nei)容(rong)有(you)(you)人物、走獸、飛(fei)禽、水族、山水、云(yun)樹、亭閣等,頗為(wei)(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)樸生(sheng)動,為(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)(song)或(huo)宋(song)(song)以前作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)。三(san)(san)(san)清殿(dian)是江(jiang)蘇最古(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)木結(jie)(jie)(jie)構建筑(zhu)(zhu),也是國內(nei)現存體量最大的(de)(de)宋(song)(song)代(dai)大殿(dian)。
正山(shan)門(men)位(wei)于三清殿南約80米處(chu),清乾隆四十年(1775)重建。重檐歇(xie)山(shan)造,面闊5間,廣20米,進深12米,于當心間脊柱(zhu)間設斷砌門(men)。
如(ru)意門(西(xi)腳門)內(nei)的雷尊殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)名(ming)雷神蓼,亦為坐北朝(chao)南的重(zhong)檐(yan)歇(xie)山式建筑,明天順二年(1458)建,清康(kang)熙四年(1665)重(zhong)修,面闊3間(jian),廣16米(mi),進(jin)深14米(mi),前加(jia)卷(juan)棚頂軒廊3間(jian),與下檐(yan)形成勾連搭屋(wu)頂,通進(jin)深21米(mi),梁架結(jie)構及(ji)柱礎制均(jun)有(you)明代特征,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南尚(shang)存(cun)山門3間(jian)。此外,觀(guan)內(nei)現(xian)存(cun)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閣(ge),東有(you)財(cai)神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、天醫藥王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、斗(dou)姆閣(ge)等(deng),西(xi)有(you)觀(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng),北有(you)蓑(suo)衣真人殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、方(fang)丈殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng),多數(shu)為晚(wan)清重(zhong)建。
保存在觀內碑刻(ke)有數十種,上起宋(song)代(dai),下(xia)迄清(qing)末。
通神先生何蓑衣(yi)事實碑 在(zai)蓑衣(yi)真人殿。碑高1.55米(mi)、寬1.08米(mi),胡袤撰,宋孝宗脊(ji)題“通神庵”三(san)(san)字,南宋慶元三(san)(san)年(1197)刻石。
詔建三清大殿(dian)上梁文碑 在祖師殿(dian)遺址碑廊(lang)。碑高(gao)1.62米、寬0.93米,南(nan)宋淳熙八(ba)年(nian)(1181)龔頤(yi)正撰,嘉(jia)定十(shi)一年(nian)(1218)立石,張允迪刻(ke),原在三清殿(dian)。
老(lao)君像碑 在頤正殿。碑高1.8米、寬(kuan)0.91米,吳道子畫,唐(tang)玄宗李隆基贊,顏真卿書,馮(feng)大同跋,張(zhang)允迪刻,南(nan)宋寶慶(qing)元年(1225)立石。
朝(chao)旨(zhi)蠲免天慶觀道正(zheng)司科(ke)敷度牒尚書省(sheng)札部符使帖碑 在三(san)清(qing)殿。高1.97米、寬1.08米,頂端抹角,南(nan)宋端平元年(1234)立。
清理道教碑(bei) 在三(san)清殿(dian)外東側。高6.5米、寬2.7米,方孝孺撰并書,明洪武中年(1371)立(li),后方氏被誅,碑(bei)文被劃去,故俗(su)稱無字(zi)碑(bei)。
重修(xiu)三清殿記(ji)碑 在火(huo)神(shen)殿南小(xiao)弄(nong)內。高1.66米(mi)、寬(kuan)0.9米(mi),王進撰,衛靖書,張徽篆額,明宣德(de)四年(1429)呂志清立石(shi),左上(shang)角殘缺,碑文(wen)已漫漶。
重修玄(xuan)妙觀五岳樓記碑 現存祖(zu)師遺址(zhi)碑廊(lang)。高1.15米(mi)、寬0.66米(mi),李杰撰,陳昌言刻,明弘治十六(liu)年(1503)立,原置東岳殿。
玄妙觀三清殿至今已有八(ba)百多年歷(li)史(shi),九(jiu)開間的宏殿巍(wei)峨軒(xuan)昂,原(yuan)來說是在江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)絕無僅(jin)有,后(hou)來文物專(zhuan)家(jia)羅哲文來蘇考察,說是全國也沒有這樣巨(ju)大的南(nan)(nan)宋建筑( 其氣勢(shi)只有北(bei)京故宮的太和殿和曲阜孔廟大成殿可(ke)與之(zhi)(zhi)相比、但這些建筑的年代都(dou)遠遠晚于(yu)南(nan)(nan)宋), 所(suo)以三清殿稱為國寶當之(zhi)(zhi)無愧(kui)!
玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)(guan)為(wei)全國(guo)著名道觀(guan)(guan),又是歷史悠久的傳統集市。馮夢龍《警世(shi)通(tong)言(yan)》無(wu)礙居士序(xu)中說(shuo):“吾頃從玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)(guan)聽(ting)說(shuo)《三(san)國(guo)志》來。”說(shuo)明玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)(guan)在明天啟年間已有露天書(shu)場。至清代設攤者日(ri)(ri)多,遂演(yan)變成為(wei)古城中心一(yi)(yi)處(chu)熱鬧的集市,有小吃(chi)、日(ri)(ri)用雜品、文具(ju)玩具(ju)、對聯字(zi)畫、花鳥魚蟲的攤店以及醫卜(bu)星相(xiang)、江湖雜耍等等,五花八門(men),不(bu)一(yi)(yi)而足。茲就昔日(ri)(ri)報刊所(suo)載30年代前后(hou)玄(xuan)妙觀(guan)(guan)集市狀況略舉(ju)一(yi)(yi)二,以見其概貌。
玄妙(miao)觀的小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)吃,名(ming)(ming)目繁多,如小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米子糖、灰湯(tang)粽、氽魷魚、熏魚、涼粉(fen)、藕(ou)粉(fen)、千(qian)張百頁、酒(jiu)(jiu)釀(niang)(niang)圓子、豆腐花、糖粥、梅花糕(gao)、海棠糕(gao)、焐酥豆、五(wu)(wu)香茶(cha)葉(xie)蛋、雞鴨(ya)血湯(tang),其(qi)余如面(mian)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)籠饅頭、鍋貼、燒賣、餛飩、湯(tang)團等(deng)等(deng),應有(you)盡有(you)。著名(ming)(ming)的攤店(dian),有(you)專售梨(li)膏糖的文(wen)魁齋、觀振興面(mian)店(dian)、王源興酒(jiu)(jiu)釀(niang)(niang)豆漿店(dian)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)天藕(ou)粉(fen)店(dian)、五(wu)(wu)芳齋、六芳齋、七芳齋等(deng)等(deng),還有(you)百年(nian)以(yi)上歷史的三萬(wan)思、品芳兩家茶(cha)館。可以(yi)說玄妙(miao)觀是(shi)蘇州(zhou)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)吃最為集中的地方。
三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)內(nei)是傳(chuan)統的年(nian)畫(hua)市場,出售(shou)桃花塢出版的各(ge)種畫(hua)張,如神軸、灶神、門神、百壽圖、送子圖、鳳穿牡丹、魚跳(tiao)龍(long)門、歲寒三(san)友、梅開五福、岳(yue)飛抗金(jin)、關羽夜讀春秋、二十(shi)四孝等等,民(min)國以后上海的彩印美女圖、風景(jing)畫(hua)進(jin)入觀內(nei),受到大眾(zhong)歡迎。另有對聯、立軸,并可請名家當場揮(hui)毫,其中最(zui)著名者汪煥文(度),自(zi)號“鄧尉山農”,在三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)書寫(xie)對聯數十(shi)年(nian)之(zhi)久。
觀內空地經常(chang)演(yan)出各種江湖雜(za)耍(shua),有變戲(xi)法、木(mu)偶戲(xi)、耍(shua)猴戲(xi)、西洋鏡、唱小熱(re)昏、賣拳頭、說(shuo)露(lu)天書(shu)等(deng)等(deng)。鑼鼓響(xiang)處(chu),圍(wei)滿人群(qun),熙熙攘(rang)攘(rang),熱(re)鬧(nao)非凡。
醫(yi)卜(bu)星相(xiang)(xiang)更(geng)是(shi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)大特色,有(you)(you)(you)(you)祖傳(chuan)秘方、專治(zhi)氣(qi)喘、癆疾、筋(jin)骨(gu)酸疼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江湖郎中,有(you)(you)(you)(you)撥牙(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)醫(yi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)主治(zhi)跌打(da)損傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷科等(deng)等(deng)。遠(yuan)近聞名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葛云彬、謝明德都曾在此(ci)掛牌(pai)設(she)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。算(suan)(suan)命(ming)、相(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)、測(ce)字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集中在東腳門至牛(niu)角浜一(yi)路,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當街設(she)一(yi)桌一(yi)椅,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)館,總稱“巾行(xing)”,七十二巾可謂樣(yang)樣(yang)齊全。有(you)(you)(you)(you)量手曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“量巾”,鳥銜(xian)設(she)牌(pai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“鳥巾”,拉胡(hu)琴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“夾(jia)絲(si)巾”,敲搭板小(xiao)鑼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“響巾”,相(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“斬盤搶巾”,批八字曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“八黑”,搖課曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“圓頭(tou)”,拆字曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“小(xiao)黑”,瞎子摸牌(pai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅”。相(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)手相(xiang)(xiang)、摸骨(gu)相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)幾種,以(yi)(yi)一(yi)鑒明(真名張子芳)、朱少卿(qing)最(zui)為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)名。相(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)兼算(suan)(suan)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)四明山人(ren)、王一(yi)舟等(deng)。算(suan)(suan)命(ming)兼堪輿(風(feng)水(shui)、 地(di)理(li)、流年、合婚(hun))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),以(yi)(yi)楊鳳(feng)巢、蔣通天、凌云山、楊守成、 鄒(zou)慕鴻(hong)等(deng)為(wei)主。拆字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)談(tan)虎臣、張天良(liang)等(deng)。起(qi)(qi)課的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)王課、六壬課,以(yi)(yi)明如(ru)鏡為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)名。還有(you)(you)(you)(you)鴻(hong)運來(真名泊良(liang))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烏龜(gui)測(ce)字,他把事先(xian)用(yong)膠水(shui)寫好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字條,放在置有(you)(you)(you)(you)烏賊骨(gu)粉(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烏龜(gui)殼(ke)內,搖動幾下便顯出字跡(ji),以(yi)(yi)此(ci)吸引好(hao)奇(qi)者。他們或(huo)取號“賽諸葛”、“小(xiao)神仙”,或(huo)自(zi)稱“能知過去未來,善(shan)斷(duan)吉兇禍福”,舉(ju)凡男女婚(hun)配(pei)、家(jia)庭糾紛(fen)、生(sheng)老病死、官(guan)運財氣(qi)均(jun)是(shi)他們測(ce)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍。俗(su)話說(shuo)“江湖一(yi)點訣,莫對妻子說(shuo),若對妻子說(shuo),飯都沒得吃(chi)!”然而,明明是(shi)迷信騙局,卻有(you)(you)(you)(you)無數人(ren)找到他們尋求慰藉,直到解放后他們才(cai)由(you)政(zheng)府安排轉業。以(yi)(yi)上所述說(shuo)明,由(you)于(yu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史和(he)地(di)理(li)條件(jian),使(shi)它成為(wei)與北(bei)京天橋(qiao)、南(nan)(nan)京夫子廟、上海老城隍廟齊名而又(you)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)蘇(su)(su)州地(di)方特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱鬧場(chang)所。蘇(su)(su)州人(ren)常說(shuo)“白相(xiang)(xiang)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”,外地(di)人(ren)到蘇(su)(su)州也必至玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)游,這已經成為(wei)人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共識(shi)。隨著時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也在不斷(duan)發生(sheng)變化,但(dan)它既(ji)是(shi)古跡(ji)名勝,又(you)為(wei)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)集市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)基本性質(zhi)和(he)特點,始終(zhong)未變,1956年,對玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)販進行(xing)整理(li),保(bao)持了小(xiao)吃(chi)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)特色。“文(wen)化大革命(ming)”期間,取消玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)集市。1979年12月,江蘇(su)(su)省12市、縣糖果評展會在玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)舉(ju)辦,隨后小(xiao)吃(chi)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、服(fu)裝攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、雜貨攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)及縫紉攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)擁塞觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內,成為(wei)蘇(su)(su)州恢復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集市。經多(duo)(duo)年整理(li)和(he)規劃,建起(qi)(qi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)售(shou)貨亭,西腳門甬(yong)道南(nan)(nan)段設(she)20多(duo)(duo)個傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)小(xiao)吃(chi)亭,北(bei)段有(you)(you)(you)(you)10多(duo)(duo)個縫紉攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan);東腳門南(nan)(nan)段為(wei)服(fu)裝售(shou)貨亭,北(bei)段為(wei)修補皮匠(jiang)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)點;三清殿后興(xing)起(qi)(qi)漁網(wang)漁具市場(chang)。1985年,玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)妙(miao)(miao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)157個攤(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)位。
門票:
10元(yuan)(寺(si)觀覽勝);15元(yuan)(姑蘇道教(jiao)仙樂(le));10元(yuan)(道教(jiao)飛(fei)鈸表演)。
公交:
乘(cheng)坐1、102、146、178、202、502到(dao)觀前街(東、西或樂橋)后,步行(xing)至(zhi)街中段的玄妙觀內。
可(ke)乘(cheng)(cheng)游1東線(xian)(xian)到玄妙觀站(zhan)下(xia)車,或乘(cheng)(cheng)2線(xian)(xian) 、1路、101路、38路等到觀前街站(zhan)下(xia)車。