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基本介紹

蘇(su)州古(gu)城(cheng)內(nei)南(nan)顯(xian)子(zi)巷(xiang)的(de)安徽(hui)會(hui)館，建于清(qing)同治四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1865-1867)，屬于惠蔭(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部分(fen)，為江蘇(su)省文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。該(gai)處在(zai)明(ming)代嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間為歸湛初宅(zhai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，由周秉忠布(bu)畫，建有臺榭池石(shi)及水假山。后(hou)(hou)屬胡汝淳，名(ming)“洽(qia)隱(yin)山房”，后(hou)(hou)荒廢(fei)。清(qing)順治六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)韓馨入(ru)城(cheng)購歸氏(shi)廢(fei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，修為棲隱(yin)地(di)(di)，名(ming)“洽(qia)隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。康熙四十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)毀于火，惟存(cun)東(dong)南(nan)半壁奇(qi)峰秀石(shi)。乾(qian)隆十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)葺二楹(ying)于占石(shi)洞口，由蔣蟠漪(yi)篆書(shu)“小(xiao)林屋”字額。后(hou)(hou)歸皖(wan)人倪(ni)蓮(lian)舫知府(fu)，修建后(hou)(hou)易名(ming)“皖(wan)山別(bie)墅”。咸豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，傳說太(tai)平(ping)天國(guo)聽(ting)王(wang)(wang)陳(chen)炳(bing)文(wen)曾居此。潘(pan)鐘瑞《蘇(su)臺麋鹿(lu)記》載(zai)：“南(nan)北顯(xian)子(zi)巷(xiang)合(he)而(er)為聽(ting)王(wang)(wang)府(fu)，包人洽(qia)隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，巷(xiang)道中(zhong)截。”按(an)太(tai)平(ping)天國(guo)王(wang)(wang)、將占富室巨宅(zhai)臨時駐(zhu)扎，稱(cheng)為“打(da)館”，潘(pan)所(suo)稱(cheng)王(wang)(wang)府(fu)實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)是打(da)館性質(zhi)，聽(ting)王(wang)(wang)在(zai)蘇(su)僅是短(duan)暫駐(zhu)扎，該(gai)處應稱(cheng)為聽(ting)王(wang)(wang)陳(chen)炳(bing)文(wen)所(suo)打(da)之館。范(fan)圍內(nei)南(nan)顯(xian)子(zi)巷(xiang)6號韓宅(zhai)、7號周宅(zhai)，北顯(xian)子(zi)巷(xiang)4號陳(chen)宅(zhai)、6號、11號江宅(zhai)也都是有磚刻(ke)門樓(lou)的(de)大(da)宅(zhai)，亦(yi)應被聽(ting)王(wang)(wang)部隊(dui)臨時駐(zhu)扎所(suo)用。安徽(hui)旅蘇(su)同鄉會(hui)設于此。在(zai)此曾設閱報社(she)，一(yi)(yi)度改為游(you)(you)藝場(chang)，游(you)(you)客眾多，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)18日《姑蘇(su)晚(wan)報》刊登了“七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)的(de)一(yi)(yi)幀老照片(pian)——惠蔭(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)秋禊圖”。張榮培有《重(zhong)游(you)(you)皖(wan)山別(bie)墅》詩曰：“不到游(you)(you)蹤二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，墜歡重(zhong)拾渺如煙。樓(lou)臺繚曲還依舊，花木凋零卻(que)遜前(qian)。試剔苔痕摹古(gu)篆，且邀茶(cha)話論新(xin)泉。此中(zhong)雅有天臺勝，笑我劉郎骨未仙。”1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)張建初在(zai)此創辦(ban)私立育英女(nv)子(zi)初中(zhong)，1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)停辦(ban)。抗戰勝利(li)后(hou)(hou)，東(dong)部散為民居，西(xi)部一(yi)(yi)度由女(nv)俠施劍翹創辦(ban)從云小(xiao)學，成為地(di)(di)下黨活(huo)動(dong)的(de)主要場(chang)所(suo)。

“安(an)徽會(hui)館(guan)”磚細門(men)(men)樓在(zai)小(xiao)巷(xiang)深處(chu)(chu)(chu)，門(men)(men)樓前有新建的(de)鐵欄(lan)護(hu)(hu)欄(lan)包圍護(hu)(hu)衛(wei)。左右(you)有石庫門(men)(men)各一，門(men)(men)上包鉛皮(pi)釘(ding)釘(ding)有裝飾(shi)(shi)及虛空(kong)大(da)(da)字(zi)，連(lian)同西側的(de)“皖山別墅”大(da)(da)門(men)(men)，從東(dong)向西依次為(wei)“福(fu)”、“祿”、“壽”三字(zi)。“福(fu)”字(zi)門(men)(men)上有磚飾(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)額(e)“憩棠(tang)”、“祿”字(zi)門(men)(men)上有磚飾(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)額(e)“敬梓”。原(yuan)安(an)徽會(hui)館(guan)門(men)(men)前照(zhao)墻處(chu)(chu)(chu)及程公祠前照(zhao)墻現為(wei)幾家民居，昭忠祠大(da)(da)門(men)(men)現為(wei)一初(chu)中(zhong)校門(men)(men)，對而照(zhao)墻曾(ceng)為(wei)籃球(qiu)場(chang)，現為(wei)學校照(zhao)墻，書4個一米見(jian)方大(da)(da)字(zi)“惠蔭書苑(yuan)”。現在(zai)一初(chu)中(zhong)為(wei)南顯(xian)子巷(xiang)18號。東(dong)面(mian)齊(qi)迎曉里(li)，南面(mian)是南顯(xian)子巷(xiang)朝南一排幾個門(men)(men)面(mian)，原(yuan)巷(xiang)對面(mian)的(de)照(zhao)墻處(chu)(chu)(chu)現已(yi)建有民居，西面(mian)臨民宅(zhai)，北(bei)面(mian)至懸橋巷(xiang)沿河線。

從(cong)門(men)(men)廳(ting)進(jin)(jin)(jin)去，便是一(yi)(yi)天(tian)井，左(zuo)右有(you)月(yue)洞門(men)(men)通行，利用月(yue)洞門(men)(men)兩面都有(you)磚額，如“泛舟”、“學(xue)海”、“博(bo)學(xue)”、“篤行”等，前面第(di)(di)二進(jin)(jin)(jin)、第(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)(jin)便是原(yuan)昭忠祠，現為學(xue)校圖書閱覽室(shi)。右面進(jin)(jin)(jin)月(yue)洞門(men)(men)，是原(yuan)程(cheng)公祠部分，南(nan)面第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)原(yuan)門(men)(men)廳(ting)現為總務處后勤辦公室(shi)，朝南(nan)沿(yan)街開一(yi)(yi)排窗(chuang)；向北一(yi)(yi)廳(ting)室(shi)為第(di)(di)二進(jin)(jin)(jin)，墻(qiang)內東壁間還嵌有(you)當年建(jian)祠時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑刻一(yi)(yi)方(fang)。第(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)(jin)原(yuan)祠堂工作人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦公室(shi)及東側包公殿(dian)，現已改建(jian)為編號①的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)幢四(si)層16只教室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)樓。第(di)(di)四(si)進(jin)(jin)(jin)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)著原(yuan)享堂大殿(dian)，高敞宏偉，為蘇城保(bao)(bao)存(cun)不多的(de)(de)(de)(de)清代祠堂享堂。內有(you)粗大的(de)(de)(de)(de)楠木庭柱，上面雕粱(liang)畫棟，棟梁上有(you)彩繪(hui)人物、花卉圖案，都是清代始建(jian)原(yuan)物，有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史和藝術(shu)保(bao)(bao)護價值。穿過程(cheng)公祠向東，為原(yuan)安(an)徽(hui)會館(guan)部分，第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)廳(ting)現為校史陳列(lie)室(shi)，作保(bao)(bao)護性(xing)使用。存(cun)有(you)“賓(bin)至如歸”磚細門(men)(men)樓。

2006年(nian)，安徽會(hui)館作為(wei)惠蔭(yin)園的一部分列(lie)入(ru)江蘇省文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。

歷史沿革

當(dang)時內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館、程公(gong)(gong)祠等(deng)的設(she)置位置是(shi)(shi)：最東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館，南(nan)(nan)顯(xian)子(zi)巷(xiang)18號(hao)，門(men)(men)(men)面朝南(nan)(nan)，對(dui)面照(zhao)墻(qiang)一(yi)座(zuo)，磚(zhuan)刻(ke)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西門(men)(men)(men)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西賬房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)俗(su)稱包(bao)公(gong)(gong)殿，正(zheng)中(zhong)神(shen)龕(kan)里并列供奉著兩座(zuo)神(shen)位，杏(xing)黃色神(shen)幔中(zhong)一(yi)位是(shi)(shi)大(da)宋(song)龍圖閣直學(xue)士(shi)包(bao)孝肅(su)公(gong)(gong)之神(shen)位，即(ji)(ji)包(bao)青(qing)(qing)天包(bao)拯(zheng)，安徽(hui)(hui)合肥人(ren)，當(dang)時稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“關節不(bu)(bu)到，有(you)(you)閻羅老包(bao)”；一(yi)位是(shi)(shi)先賢(xian)朱文公(gong)(gong)，即(ji)(ji)朱嘉，徽(hui)(hui)州婺源人(ren)，集(ji)理學(xue)之大(da)成者，有(you)(you)《朱文公(gong)(gong)集(ji)》、《朱子(zi)語類(lei)》等(deng)。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)面隙(xi)地(di)即(ji)(ji)惠蔭(yin)園，為(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)館之后(hou)花園。東(dong)(dong)左(zuo)日“樾蔭(yin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)”，設(she)有(you)(you)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)邊(bian)耳房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四(si)(si)(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十問，東(dong)(dong)披廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四(si)(si)(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又后(hou)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前川堂(tang)(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)問，邊(bian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西右日“經商公(gong)(gong)所(suo)”設(she)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客(ke)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)問，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)額“皖山別墅”，對(dui)面照(zhao)墻(qiang)一(yi)座(zuo)。經商公(gong)(gong)所(suo)之西為(wei)(wei)(wei)程公(gong)(gong)祠，照(zhao)墻(qiang)一(yi)座(zuo)，大(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西面為(wei)(wei)(wei)淮軍昭忠(zhong)祠，照(zhao)墻(qiang)一(yi)座(zuo)，大(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)問，東(dong)(dong)官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四(si)(si)(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四(si)(si)(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)廊房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西廊房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭忠(zhong)祠后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)王公(gong)(gong)祠，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這幾處(chu)(chu)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)都有(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)洞通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)，并有(you)(you)回廊相連，整個安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)大(da)院，下雨(yu)天行(xing)(xing)走可以不(bu)(bu)濕(shi)鞋(xie)。當(dang)時有(you)(you)袁(yuan)學(xue)瀾詩稱：“層樓(lou)不(bu)(bu)隔遠山青(qing)(qing)，往(wang)事閑尋滿草庭。三(san)(san)(san)友名高爭綺角(jiao)，半(ban)州豪去散(san)譚(tan)邢(xing)。壺觴時集(ji)濃春賞，花石猶余(yu)戰血腥。無限(xian)沙蟲沉浩劫，～庵香火奉神(shen)靈。”實(shi)有(you)(you)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二百(bai)余(yu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花園有(you)(you)后(hou)門(men)(men)(men)，直通(tong)(tong)(tong)懸(xuan)橋(qiao)巷(xiang)河沿，有(you)(you)橋(qiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)至對(dui)面還有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)下人(ren)住房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。

其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、經商(shang)公(gong)所、程公(gong)祠、淮軍昭忠祠，都是(shi)圍繞安(an)徽(hui)籍主(zhu)題的(de)建置，而安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。經商(shang)公(gong)所，以(yi)“速招徠，節費(fei)用(yong)，宦商(shang)聯為(wei)一(yi)體．會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)期以(yi)持久(jiu)”，只(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)日常添(tian)置、維(wei)修開支(zhi)提供經濟來(lai)源(yuan)。在(zai)《呈(cheng)送光緒兀(wu)年報(bao)銷并(bing)請於會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)內兼立經商(shang)公(gong)所稟》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曾稱：“花園現(xian)已(yi)落成(cheng)，該道等擬照(zhao)滄浪亭、獅(shi)子林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，將園門(men)常開不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游人，庶免久(jiu)閑(xian)易(yi)致損壞，兼助歲修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資。”這樣(yang)看來(lai)早在(zai)光緒初那里已(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游人對外(wai)(wai)開放(fang)了(le)。辛司堂(tang)本是(shi)供奉肅(su)(su)穆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。《新建安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)記》說：“包孝(xiao)肅(su)(su)公(gong)產皖(wan)北(bei)，朱子出(chu)皖(wan)南，鄉(xiang)(xiang)人舊奉祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，遂(sui)于館(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)并(bing)為(wei)兩公(gong)神主(zhu)。”“即使(shi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宦者(zhe)、商(shang)者(zhe)、客(ke)游者(zhe)有群萃(cui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，又(you)足供其(qi)(qi)循(xun)歷(li)娛覽。”這才是(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)以(yi)敦睦其(qi)(qi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)黨，崇祀(si)其(qi)(qi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)先生，聯系鄉(xiang)(xiang)人提供方(fang)便之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處。在(zai)程公(gong)祠暨會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)章程規條中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有：“祠內房屋(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準借作公(gong)所，以(yi)防糟蹋。”“祠內旁房準皖(wan)省(sheng)官紳往來(lai)寄寓，須報(bao)姓名(ming)鄉(xiang)(xiang)貫，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準多(duo)帶閑(xian)人，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準住(zhu)家眷，一(yi)切食用(yong)均(jun)(jun)須自備。…‘會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)房屋(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)F二百間盡可居住(zhu)，其(qi)(qi)園內亭臺樓閣原系宴會(hui)(hui)(hui)雅集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所，凡在(zai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)居住(zhu)者(zhe)，無論上(shang)下人等均(jun)(jun)于園外(wai)(wai)居住(zhu)，以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間弄堂(tang)為(wei)界，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)于園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下榻，至園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)種花木開放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，各(ge)宜(yi)隨時愛護(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可任意攀折。”安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)管理是(shi)比較嚴(yan)格的(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同于其(qi)(qi)他(ta)的(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)。安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)在(zai)開放(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)利用(yong)，在(zai)利用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護(hu)的(de)，這樣(yang)的(de)措施值(zhi)得(de)后人借鑒。