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基本介紹

蘇州古(gu)城內南(nan)(nan)顯(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷(xiang)的(de)(de)安徽會館(guan)(guan)，建于(yu)清同治四(si)年(nian)(nian)至六年(nian)(nian)(1865-1867)，屬(shu)于(yu)惠蔭園(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)江(jiang)蘇省文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。該(gai)處在(zai)明代嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)歸湛初(chu)宅園(yuan)(yuan)，由周秉(bing)忠布畫，建有(you)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)榭池石(shi)及水假山(shan)(shan)。后(hou)屬(shu)胡汝淳，名“洽隱山(shan)(shan)房”，后(hou)荒廢(fei)(fei)。清順治六年(nian)(nian)韓(han)馨入城購歸氏(shi)廢(fei)(fei)園(yuan)(yuan)，修為(wei)(wei)(wei)棲隱地，名“洽隱園(yuan)(yuan)”。康熙四(si)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)毀于(yu)火，惟存東南(nan)(nan)半(ban)壁奇峰秀石(shi)。乾隆十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)重葺二楹于(yu)占石(shi)洞口，由蔣蟠漪篆(zhuan)書“小(xiao)林屋(wu)”字額。后(hou)歸皖人倪蓮舫(fang)知府，修建后(hou)易名“皖山(shan)(shan)別墅”。咸豐年(nian)(nian)間，傳(chuan)說太(tai)平天(tian)國(guo)聽(ting)王(wang)陳炳(bing)文(wen)曾(ceng)(ceng)居(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)。潘鐘瑞(rui)《蘇臺(tai)(tai)(tai)麋(mi)鹿記》載：“南(nan)(nan)北顯(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷(xiang)合而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)王(wang)府，包人洽隱園(yuan)(yuan)，巷(xiang)道中截(jie)。”按太(tai)平天(tian)國(guo)王(wang)、將占富室巨宅臨時駐(zhu)扎(zha)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“打館(guan)(guan)”，潘所(suo)稱王(wang)府實際上是打館(guan)(guan)性質，聽(ting)王(wang)在(zai)蘇僅是短(duan)暫駐(zhu)扎(zha)，該(gai)處應(ying)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)王(wang)陳炳(bing)文(wen)所(suo)打之館(guan)(guan)。范圍內南(nan)(nan)顯(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷(xiang)6號(hao)韓(han)宅、7號(hao)周宅，北顯(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷(xiang)4號(hao)陳宅、6號(hao)、11號(hao)江(jiang)宅也都是有(you)磚刻門樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)大宅，亦應(ying)被(bei)聽(ting)王(wang)部(bu)(bu)隊臨時駐(zhu)扎(zha)所(suo)用。安徽旅蘇同鄉會設于(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)。在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)曾(ceng)(ceng)設閱(yue)報社(she)，一(yi)度(du)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)游藝場(chang)(chang)，游客眾(zhong)多(duo)，2002年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)18日《姑蘇晚報》刊登了(le)“七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)一(yi)幀老照片(pian)——惠蔭園(yuan)(yuan)秋禊(xi)圖(tu)”。張(zhang)榮培有(you)《重游皖山(shan)(shan)別墅》詩曰：“不到游蹤(zong)二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)，墜(zhui)歡(huan)重拾渺如煙。樓(lou)(lou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)繚曲還依舊，花木凋(diao)零(ling)卻遜(xun)前。試剔苔痕摹古(gu)篆(zhuan)，且邀(yao)茶話論新泉(quan)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)中雅(ya)有(you)天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)勝(sheng)，笑我劉郎骨未仙。”1940年(nian)(nian)張(zhang)建初(chu)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)創辦(ban)私立(li)育(yu)英女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)初(chu)中，1946年(nian)(nian)停辦(ban)。抗(kang)戰勝(sheng)利后(hou)，東部(bu)(bu)散為(wei)(wei)(wei)民居(ju)，西部(bu)(bu)一(yi)度(du)由女(nv)俠施劍翹(qiao)創辦(ban)從云(yun)小(xiao)學，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)地下黨活動(dong)的(de)(de)主要場(chang)(chang)所(suo)。

“安徽會館(guan)”磚(zhuan)(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)樓在小巷深處，門(men)(men)(men)樓前有新建(jian)的鐵欄(lan)護(hu)欄(lan)包(bao)(bao)圍(wei)護(hu)衛。左右有石庫(ku)門(men)(men)(men)各一(yi)，門(men)(men)(men)上包(bao)(bao)鉛皮釘釘有裝飾及虛空大(da)字(zi)(zi)，連同(tong)西(xi)(xi)側的“皖山別(bie)墅”大(da)門(men)(men)(men)，從東(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)依次為(wei)“福(fu)(fu)”、“祿”、“壽”三字(zi)(zi)。“福(fu)(fu)”字(zi)(zi)門(men)(men)(men)上有磚(zhuan)(zhuan)飾門(men)(men)(men)額“憩棠”、“祿”字(zi)(zi)門(men)(men)(men)上有磚(zhuan)(zhuan)飾門(men)(men)(men)額“敬(jing)梓(zi)”。原(yuan)安徽會館(guan)門(men)(men)(men)前照墻(qiang)處及程公(gong)祠(ci)前照墻(qiang)現為(wei)幾家民(min)居，昭忠祠(ci)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)現為(wei)一(yi)初中校(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)，對(dui)而(er)照墻(qiang)曾為(wei)籃球場，現為(wei)學校(xiao)照墻(qiang)，書4個(ge)一(yi)米見方(fang)大(da)字(zi)(zi)“惠蔭(yin)書苑(yuan)”。現在一(yi)初中為(wei)南(nan)顯子巷18號。東(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)齊迎(ying)曉里，南(nan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)是南(nan)顯子巷朝(chao)南(nan)一(yi)排幾個(ge)門(men)(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，原(yuan)巷對(dui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的照墻(qiang)處現已建(jian)有民(min)居，西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨民(min)宅，北面(mian)(mian)(mian)至懸橋(qiao)巷沿(yan)河(he)線。

從門(men)(men)(men)廳(ting)進(jin)(jin)去，便是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)井(jing)，左右有(you)(you)月洞門(men)(men)(men)通(tong)行(xing)，利用月洞門(men)(men)(men)兩(liang)面(mian)都有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)額，如“泛舟”、“學(xue)海”、“博(bo)學(xue)”、“篤行(xing)”等，前面(mian)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)進(jin)(jin)、第(di)(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)便是原(yuan)(yuan)昭忠祠，現(xian)為學(xue)校圖書閱覽室(shi)。右面(mian)進(jin)(jin)月洞門(men)(men)(men)，是原(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)公祠部(bu)分，南(nan)面(mian)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)原(yuan)(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)廳(ting)現(xian)為總務處(chu)后(hou)勤辦公室(shi)，朝南(nan)沿街開一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)排(pai)窗(chuang)；向北(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)廳(ting)室(shi)為第(di)(di)(di)二(er)進(jin)(jin)，墻內(nei)東壁(bi)間還嵌有(you)(you)當(dang)年建(jian)祠時(shi)的碑刻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)。第(di)(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)原(yuan)(yuan)祠堂工(gong)作(zuo)人員的辦公室(shi)及(ji)東側(ce)包(bao)公殿，現(xian)已改(gai)建(jian)為編號(hao)①的一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)幢(chuang)四(si)層16只教室(shi)的教學(xue)樓。第(di)(di)(di)四(si)進(jin)(jin)保(bao)存(cun)著原(yuan)(yuan)享堂大殿，高(gao)敞(chang)宏偉，為蘇(su)城保(bao)存(cun)不(bu)多的清代祠堂享堂。內(nei)有(you)(you)粗(cu)大的楠木庭柱，上面(mian)雕粱畫棟，棟梁上有(you)(you)彩繪人物、花卉(hui)圖案(an)，都是清代始建(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)物，有(you)(you)較高(gao)的歷史和藝術保(bao)護(hu)價值。穿過程(cheng)(cheng)公祠向東，為原(yuan)(yuan)安徽會館部(bu)分，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)的門(men)(men)(men)廳(ting)現(xian)為校史陳列室(shi)，作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)性使用。存(cun)有(you)(you)“賓(bin)至如歸”磚(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)樓。

2006年，安徽會館(guan)作(zuo)為惠蔭園的(de)一部分列入江蘇省(sheng)文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。

歷史沿革

當時(shi)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)徽會(hui)(hui)館、程(cheng)(cheng)公祠(ci)(ci)等的(de)設置位置是：最東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)是安(an)徽會(hui)(hui)館，南顯子巷(xiang)18號，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)面(mian)朝南，對(dui)(dui)面(mian)照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)，磚(zhuan)刻門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次(ci)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)賬房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享堂(tang)俗稱(cheng)包公殿，正(zheng)中(zhong)神龕里并列供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)著兩座(zuo)神位，杏黃色(se)神幔中(zhong)一(yi)位是大宋龍(long)圖閣直學(xue)士包孝(xiao)肅公之神位，即包青(qing)天包拯，安(an)徽合(he)肥人，當時(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)“關(guan)節不(bu)到，有(you)閻(yan)羅老包”；一(yi)位是先賢朱文公，即朱嘉，徽州婺源人，集(ji)理(li)學(xue)之大成者，有(you)《朱文公集(ji)》、《朱子語類(lei)》等。享堂(tang)后(hou)面(mian)隙地即惠蔭園(yuan)，為(wei)會(hui)(hui)館之后(hou)花園(yuan)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)左日“樾蔭堂(tang)”，設有(you)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)邊耳房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十問，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)披廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又后(hou)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前川堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)問，邊房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)右日“經商(shang)公所(suo)”設正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)下樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)問，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)額“皖山別墅”，對(dui)(dui)面(mian)照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)。經商(shang)公所(suo)之西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)公祠(ci)(ci)，照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)，大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西(xi)(xi)(xi)面(mian)為(wei)淮軍昭忠祠(ci)(ci)，照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)，大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)問，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭忠祠(ci)(ci)后(hou)為(wei)王(wang)公祠(ci)(ci)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這幾處內部(bu)(bu)(bu)都有(you)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞通行(xing)，并有(you)回廊(lang)相連，整個安(an)徽會(hui)(hui)館內部(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi)為(wei)一(yi)大院，下雨天行(xing)走(zou)可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)濕(shi)鞋。當時(shi)有(you)袁學(xue)瀾(lan)詩稱(cheng)：“層(ceng)樓(lou)不(bu)隔遠山青(qing)，往事閑尋滿草庭。三(san)(san)(san)(san)友名高爭綺(qi)角，半州豪去散譚邢。壺觴時(shi)集(ji)濃春賞，花石猶余(yu)戰血腥。無限沙蟲沉浩劫，～庵香火奉(feng)(feng)神靈。”實(shi)有(you)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)百余(yu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花園(yuan)有(you)后(hou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，直通懸(xuan)橋巷(xiang)河沿，有(you)橋通行(xing)至(zhi)對(dui)(dui)面(mian)還(huan)有(you)一(yi)處下人住房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。

其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館、經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公所(suo)(suo)、程(cheng)公祠(ci)、淮軍(jun)昭忠祠(ci)，都是(shi)圍繞(rao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽籍主題的建置(zhi)，而安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)館又是(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)心。經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公所(suo)(suo)，以“速招(zhao)徠，節費用(yong)，宦商(shang)聯(lian)為一體．會(hui)(hui)(hui)館期以持(chi)久(jiu)”，只(zhi)是(shi)為會(hui)(hui)(hui)館日常(chang)添置(zhi)、維修開(kai)(kai)支提供經(jing)(jing)濟來(lai)源。在(zai)《呈送光(guang)緒兀年報銷并(bing)請(qing)於(wu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館內兼立經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公所(suo)(suo)稟》中(zhong)(zhong)曾(ceng)稱：“花園(yuan)現已(yi)落成，該道(dao)等(deng)擬照滄浪亭、獅(shi)子(zi)林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)，將園(yuan)門(men)常(chang)開(kai)(kai)不(bu)(bu)禁游(you)人，庶免久(jiu)閑易致(zhi)損壞，兼助歲(sui)修之(zhi)(zhi)資。”這(zhe)樣看來(lai)早在(zai)光(guang)緒初(chu)那(nei)里已(yi)不(bu)(bu)禁游(you)人對外開(kai)(kai)放了。辛司堂(tang)本是(shi)供奉肅穆之(zhi)(zhi)地。《新建安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)館記》說：“包孝肅公產皖(wan)北，朱子(zi)出皖(wan)南，鄉(xiang)(xiang)人舊(jiu)奉祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)，遂于(yu)館之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)并(bing)為兩公神主。”“即使鄉(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)宦者(zhe)(zhe)、商(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)、客游(you)者(zhe)(zhe)有群(qun)萃之(zhi)(zhi)地，又足供其(qi)循歷娛覽。”這(zhe)才(cai)是(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館以敦睦其(qi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)黨，崇祀(si)其(qi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)先生，聯(lian)系鄉(xiang)(xiang)人提供方(fang)便之(zhi)(zhi)處。在(zai)程(cheng)公祠(ci)暨會(hui)(hui)(hui)館章(zhang)程(cheng)規條(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)有：“祠(ci)內房(fang)屋不(bu)(bu)準借(jie)(jie)作公所(suo)(suo)，以防糟蹋。”“祠(ci)內旁房(fang)準皖(wan)省官紳往(wang)來(lai)寄寓，須報姓(xing)名鄉(xiang)(xiang)貫，不(bu)(bu)準多帶閑人，亦不(bu)(bu)準住(zhu)家眷，一切食(shi)用(yong)均(jun)須自備。…‘會(hui)(hui)(hui)館房(fang)屋不(bu)(bu)F二百間(jian)盡可(ke)(ke)居住(zhu)，其(qi)園(yuan)內亭臺樓閣原系宴會(hui)(hui)(hui)雅集之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)，凡(fan)在(zai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館居住(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)，無論上下(xia)人等(deng)均(jun)于(yu)園(yuan)外居住(zhu)，以中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)弄堂(tang)為界(jie)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)于(yu)園(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)榻，至園(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)各種花木開(kai)(kai)放之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，各宜隨時(shi)愛護(hu)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)任(ren)意攀折。”安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)館的管理是(shi)比(bi)較嚴格(ge)的，不(bu)(bu)同于(yu)其(qi)他的會(hui)(hui)(hui)館。安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)館是(shi)在(zai)開(kai)(kai)放中(zhong)(zhong)利用(yong)，在(zai)利用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)的，這(zhe)樣的措施值得(de)后人借(jie)(jie)鑒。