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基本介紹

蘇州古城(cheng)內南(nan)顯子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷的(de)安徽會館(guan)(guan)，建于清(qing)同治四(si)年(nian)(nian)至六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1865-1867)，屬(shu)于惠(hui)蔭園(yuan)部分，為(wei)(wei)(wei)江蘇省文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位。該處在明代(dai)嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)歸(gui)湛初宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)園(yuan)，由(you)周(zhou)秉(bing)忠布(bu)畫，建有(you)(you)臺榭池(chi)石及水假(jia)山(shan)。后(hou)(hou)屬(shu)胡汝淳，名(ming)“洽隱山(shan)房”，后(hou)(hou)荒廢(fei)。清(qing)順治六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)韓馨入城(cheng)購歸(gui)氏廢(fei)園(yuan)，修為(wei)(wei)(wei)棲隱地，名(ming)“洽隱園(yuan)”。康(kang)熙四(si)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)毀于火，惟存東南(nan)半壁(bi)奇峰秀(xiu)石。乾(qian)隆十(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)重葺二楹于占石洞(dong)口，由(you)蔣蟠漪篆(zhuan)書“小林屋”字額(e)。后(hou)(hou)歸(gui)皖(wan)人倪蓮舫知府(fu)，修建后(hou)(hou)易名(ming)“皖(wan)山(shan)別墅”。咸豐年(nian)(nian)間，傳說太(tai)平(ping)天國聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)陳炳文曾(ceng)居此(ci)(ci)。潘鐘瑞《蘇臺麋鹿記》載：“南(nan)北顯子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷合而為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)府(fu)，包人洽隱園(yuan)，巷道(dao)中截。”按太(tai)平(ping)天國王(wang)、將占富室巨宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)臨(lin)時駐(zhu)(zhu)扎(zha)(zha)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“打(da)館(guan)(guan)”，潘所稱王(wang)府(fu)實際上(shang)是(shi)打(da)館(guan)(guan)性質，聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)在蘇僅是(shi)短暫駐(zhu)(zhu)扎(zha)(zha)，該處應稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)陳炳文所打(da)之館(guan)(guan)。范圍內南(nan)顯子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷6號(hao)(hao)韓宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、7號(hao)(hao)周(zhou)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，北顯子(zi)(zi)(zi)巷4號(hao)(hao)陳宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、6號(hao)(hao)、11號(hao)(hao)江宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)也都是(shi)有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)刻(ke)門樓的(de)大宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，亦應被聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)部隊臨(lin)時駐(zhu)(zhu)扎(zha)(zha)所用(yong)。安徽旅蘇同鄉(xiang)會設于此(ci)(ci)。在此(ci)(ci)曾(ceng)設閱報(bao)社，一(yi)度改為(wei)(wei)(wei)游(you)藝場，游(you)客眾多，2002年(nian)(nian)1月18日《姑蘇晚(wan)報(bao)》刊登了“七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的(de)一(yi)幀老(lao)照片——惠(hui)蔭園(yuan)秋(qiu)禊圖”。張榮培有(you)(you)《重游(you)皖(wan)山(shan)別墅》詩曰：“不到(dao)游(you)蹤二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)，墜歡重拾(shi)渺如煙。樓臺繚曲還依(yi)舊，花木凋(diao)零卻遜前(qian)。試剔(ti)苔痕摹古篆(zhuan)，且邀茶(cha)話論新(xin)泉。此(ci)(ci)中雅有(you)(you)天臺勝(sheng)，笑我劉郎骨未(wei)仙。”1940年(nian)(nian)張建初在此(ci)(ci)創(chuang)辦私立育英女子(zi)(zi)(zi)初中，1946年(nian)(nian)停辦。抗戰勝(sheng)利后(hou)(hou)，東部散為(wei)(wei)(wei)民居，西(xi)部一(yi)度由(you)女俠(xia)施劍翹創(chuang)辦從云小學，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地下黨活動的(de)主(zhu)要場所。

“安(an)徽會館”磚(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)在小巷深(shen)處，門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)前(qian)(qian)有新建的(de)鐵欄(lan)護(hu)欄(lan)包圍護(hu)衛。左右(you)有石(shi)庫門(men)(men)(men)各一，門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)包鉛皮釘釘有裝飾及(ji)虛(xu)空大(da)字，連同西側的(de)“皖山別墅”大(da)門(men)(men)(men)，從(cong)東向(xiang)西依次為(wei)(wei)(wei)“福”、“祿(lu)”、“壽”三字。“福”字門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)有磚(zhuan)飾門(men)(men)(men)額“憩棠”、“祿(lu)”字門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)有磚(zhuan)飾門(men)(men)(men)額“敬(jing)梓”。原(yuan)安(an)徽會館門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)照墻(qiang)(qiang)處及(ji)程(cheng)公祠(ci)前(qian)(qian)照墻(qiang)(qiang)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幾家民(min)居(ju)，昭忠祠(ci)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一初(chu)中校門(men)(men)(men)，對(dui)而照墻(qiang)(qiang)曾為(wei)(wei)(wei)籃(lan)球場，現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)校照墻(qiang)(qiang)，書4個一米見方大(da)字“惠(hui)蔭書苑”。現(xian)(xian)在一初(chu)中為(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)顯(xian)子巷18號。東面(mian)(mian)齊迎曉里，南(nan)(nan)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)南(nan)(nan)顯(xian)子巷朝南(nan)(nan)一排幾個門(men)(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)，原(yuan)巷對(dui)面(mian)(mian)的(de)照墻(qiang)(qiang)處現(xian)(xian)已建有民(min)居(ju)，西面(mian)(mian)臨民(min)宅(zhai)，北面(mian)(mian)至懸橋巷沿(yan)河線。

從門(men)廳(ting)(ting)進(jin)(jin)(jin)去(qu)，便是一(yi)天井，左右(you)有(you)月洞門(men)通行(xing)，利用月洞門(men)兩面都有(you)磚額，如(ru)“泛舟”、“學海”、“博學”、“篤行(xing)”等，前面第(di)(di)二進(jin)(jin)(jin)、第(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)(jin)便是原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)昭忠祠(ci)(ci)，現(xian)為學校圖(tu)書閱覽室。右(you)面進(jin)(jin)(jin)月洞門(men)，是原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)程公祠(ci)(ci)部分，南面第(di)(di)一(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門(men)廳(ting)(ting)現(xian)為總務處后勤(qin)辦(ban)公室，朝南沿(yan)街開一(yi)排(pai)窗(chuang)；向(xiang)北一(yi)廳(ting)(ting)室為第(di)(di)二進(jin)(jin)(jin)，墻內東(dong)壁間還(huan)嵌有(you)當年建(jian)祠(ci)(ci)時的(de)(de)碑(bei)刻一(yi)方。第(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)(jin)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)祠(ci)(ci)堂工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)辦(ban)公室及東(dong)側包(bao)公殿，現(xian)已改建(jian)為編號①的(de)(de)一(yi)幢四(si)層16只教室的(de)(de)教學樓(lou)。第(di)(di)四(si)進(jin)(jin)(jin)保存(cun)著原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)享(xiang)堂大(da)(da)殿，高敞(chang)宏偉，為蘇城(cheng)保存(cun)不多的(de)(de)清代祠(ci)(ci)堂享(xiang)堂。內有(you)粗大(da)(da)的(de)(de)楠木庭柱，上(shang)面雕粱畫(hua)棟(dong)，棟(dong)梁上(shang)有(you)彩繪(hui)人物、花卉(hui)圖(tu)案，都是清代始建(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)物，有(you)較高的(de)(de)歷(li)史和藝術(shu)保護價值。穿過(guo)程公祠(ci)(ci)向(xiang)東(dong)，為原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安徽會(hui)館部分，第(di)(di)一(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)門(men)廳(ting)(ting)現(xian)為校史陳列室，作(zuo)保護性使用。存(cun)有(you)“賓至如(ru)歸”磚細門(men)樓(lou)。

2006年，安徽會館作為惠蔭園的一部分列入江蘇省文物保護單位(wei)。

歷史沿革

當時(shi)內部(bu)(bu)安徽(hui)會館(guan)(guan)、程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)祠等的(de)設(she)置位(wei)置是：最(zui)東部(bu)(bu)是安徽(hui)會館(guan)(guan)，南顯子巷18號，門(men)(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)朝南，對(dui)(dui)面(mian)(mian)照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，磚刻門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次為(wei)東西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東西(xi)賬(zhang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東西(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花(hua)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)上(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)俗稱(cheng)包(bao)公(gong)殿，正(zheng)中神(shen)(shen)龕(kan)里并(bing)列(lie)供(gong)奉著兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)神(shen)(shen)位(wei)，杏黃色神(shen)(shen)幔(man)中一(yi)位(wei)是大(da)(da)(da)宋(song)龍圖閣直學士包(bao)孝肅公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)位(wei)，即包(bao)青(qing)天包(bao)拯，安徽(hui)合(he)肥人，當時(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)“關節不(bu)到，有(you)(you)閻(yan)羅(luo)老(lao)包(bao)”；一(yi)位(wei)是先賢(xian)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)，即朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)嘉，徽(hui)州婺源(yuan)人，集(ji)(ji)理學之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)成者(zhe)，有(you)(you)《朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)集(ji)(ji)》、《朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子語類》等。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)后(hou)面(mian)(mian)隙地即惠蔭園(yuan)，為(wei)會館(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)花(hua)園(yuan)。東左日“樾蔭堂(tang)(tang)”，設(she)有(you)(you)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東邊(bian)耳房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)問，東披(pi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又(you)后(hou)上(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前川堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)問，邊(bian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)右日“經(jing)商公(gong)所”設(she)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客(ke)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)問，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)額“皖山別墅”，對(dui)(dui)面(mian)(mian)照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)。經(jing)商公(gong)所之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)為(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)祠，照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西(xi)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)淮軍昭忠祠，照(zhao)墻一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)問，東官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭忠祠后(hou)為(wei)王公(gong)祠，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這幾(ji)處內部(bu)(bu)都(dou)有(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)洞通行(xing)，并(bing)有(you)(you)回廊(lang)相(xiang)連(lian)，整個安徽(hui)會館(guan)(guan)內部(bu)(bu)實(shi)為(wei)一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)院，下(xia)雨(yu)天行(xing)走可以不(bu)濕(shi)鞋。當時(shi)有(you)(you)袁學瀾詩稱(cheng)：“層(ceng)樓(lou)不(bu)隔遠山青(qing)，往事閑尋滿草庭(ting)。三(san)(san)友名(ming)高(gao)爭(zheng)綺角(jiao)，半州豪去散譚邢(xing)。壺觴時(shi)集(ji)(ji)濃春賞，花(hua)石猶余戰血腥。無(wu)限沙蟲沉(chen)浩劫，～庵(an)香火奉神(shen)(shen)靈。”實(shi)有(you)(you)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)百余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花(hua)園(yuan)有(you)(you)后(hou)門(men)(men)(men)，直通懸橋(qiao)巷河沿(yan)，有(you)(you)橋(qiao)通行(xing)至(zhi)對(dui)(dui)面(mian)(mian)還有(you)(you)一(yi)處下(xia)人住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。

其(qi)中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)、經(jing)(jing)商公(gong)(gong)所(suo)、程公(gong)(gong)祠、淮軍(jun)昭忠祠，都是(shi)(shi)圍繞安(an)徽(hui)籍主(zhu)題的(de)建置，而安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)又是(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)心。經(jing)(jing)商公(gong)(gong)所(suo)，以(yi)(yi)“速招徠，節(jie)費用(yong)，宦(huan)商聯(lian)為一體(ti)．會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)期以(yi)(yi)持久(jiu)(jiu)”，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)為會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)日常(chang)添置、維修開支提(ti)供(gong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)來(lai)(lai)源。在(zai)《呈(cheng)送(song)光緒(xu)兀年報銷并(bing)請(qing)於會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)內(nei)兼立經(jing)(jing)商公(gong)(gong)所(suo)稟》中(zhong)曾稱：“花(hua)園現(xian)已(yi)落成(cheng)，該道等擬(ni)照滄(cang)浪亭、獅子林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，將園門常(chang)開不(bu)(bu)禁游人(ren)(ren)，庶免久(jiu)(jiu)閑(xian)易致損(sun)壞(huai)，兼助(zhu)歲修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資。”這樣(yang)看來(lai)(lai)早在(zai)光緒(xu)初那里已(yi)不(bu)(bu)禁游人(ren)(ren)對外開放(fang)(fang)了。辛司(si)堂(tang)(tang)本是(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉肅(su)穆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。《新建安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)記》說(shuo)：“包孝(xiao)肅(su)公(gong)(gong)產皖(wan)北，朱子出(chu)皖(wan)南，鄉(xiang)人(ren)(ren)舊奉祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，遂于館(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)堂(tang)(tang)并(bing)為兩公(gong)(gong)神主(zhu)。”“即使(shi)鄉(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宦(huan)者、商者、客游者有群萃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，又足供(gong)其(qi)循歷娛覽。”這才是(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)以(yi)(yi)敦睦其(qi)鄉(xiang)黨，崇(chong)祀(si)其(qi)鄉(xiang)先生，聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)供(gong)方(fang)便之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處。在(zai)程公(gong)(gong)祠暨會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)章程規條中(zhong)有：“祠內(nei)房(fang)屋不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)借(jie)作公(gong)(gong)所(suo)，以(yi)(yi)防糟蹋(ta)。”“祠內(nei)旁房(fang)準(zhun)皖(wan)省官紳往(wang)來(lai)(lai)寄寓，須(xu)報姓名鄉(xiang)貫，不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)多帶閑(xian)人(ren)(ren)，亦不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)住家(jia)眷(juan)，一切食用(yong)均須(xu)自備。…‘會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)房(fang)屋不(bu)(bu)F二百間盡(jin)可(ke)居(ju)住，其(qi)園內(nei)亭臺(tai)樓閣原系(xi)(xi)宴會(hui)(hui)(hui)雅集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，凡在(zai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)居(ju)住者，無論上下(xia)人(ren)(ren)等均于園外居(ju)住，以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)間弄堂(tang)(tang)為界(jie)，不(bu)(bu)得于園中(zhong)下(xia)榻，至園中(zhong)各(ge)種(zhong)花(hua)木開放(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，各(ge)宜隨(sui)時(shi)愛護，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)任意(yi)攀(pan)折(zhe)。”安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)的(de)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)比較嚴格(ge)的(de)，不(bu)(bu)同于其(qi)他的(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)。安(an)徽(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)開放(fang)(fang)中(zhong)利(li)用(yong)，在(zai)利(li)用(yong)中(zhong)保護的(de)，這樣(yang)的(de)措施值得后人(ren)(ren)借(jie)鑒。