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基本介紹

蘇州古城(cheng)內南顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)的(de)安(an)(an)徽會館(guan)，建于清(qing)同(tong)治四年至六年(1865-1867)，屬于惠(hui)蔭園(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)分，為(wei)(wei)(wei)江蘇省文(wen)物保護單位。該處(chu)在(zai)明代(dai)嘉靖(jing)年間為(wei)(wei)(wei)歸湛(zhan)初(chu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)園(yuan)(yuan)，由周秉忠(zhong)布(bu)畫，建有臺(tai)榭(xie)池石及水假(jia)山。后(hou)屬胡(hu)汝淳，名(ming)(ming)“洽隱(yin)山房”，后(hou)荒廢(fei)(fei)。清(qing)順(shun)治六年韓馨入城(cheng)購歸氏(shi)廢(fei)(fei)園(yuan)(yuan)，修為(wei)(wei)(wei)棲隱(yin)地(di)，名(ming)(ming)“洽隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)”。康熙四十六年毀(hui)于火，惟存東南半壁奇峰(feng)秀石。乾隆十六年重葺二楹于占石洞口(kou)，由蔣蟠(pan)漪篆書“小林(lin)屋”字(zi)額。后(hou)歸皖人倪蓮(lian)舫知(zhi)府，修建后(hou)易名(ming)(ming)“皖山別(bie)墅”。咸(xian)豐年間，傳(chuan)說(shuo)太平(ping)天(tian)(tian)國聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陳(chen)炳文(wen)曾(ceng)(ceng)居(ju)此。潘鐘瑞《蘇臺(tai)麋鹿(lu)記》載：“南北顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)合而為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)府，包人洽隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)，巷(xiang)(xiang)道中截。”按太平(ping)天(tian)(tian)國王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、將占富室巨宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)臨(lin)時(shi)駐(zhu)(zhu)扎，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“打館(guan)”，潘所(suo)(suo)稱王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)府實際(ji)上是(shi)打館(guan)性(xing)質，聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)蘇僅是(shi)短暫(zan)駐(zhu)(zhu)扎，該處(chu)應(ying)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陳(chen)炳文(wen)所(suo)(suo)打之館(guan)。范圍內南顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)6號(hao)(hao)韓宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、7號(hao)(hao)周宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，北顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)4號(hao)(hao)陳(chen)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、6號(hao)(hao)、11號(hao)(hao)江宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)也(ye)都(dou)是(shi)有磚刻門樓(lou)的(de)大(da)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，亦應(ying)被聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)部(bu)隊(dui)臨(lin)時(shi)駐(zhu)(zhu)扎所(suo)(suo)用。安(an)(an)徽旅蘇同(tong)鄉會設(she)于此。在(zai)此曾(ceng)(ceng)設(she)閱(yue)報(bao)社(she)，一度改為(wei)(wei)(wei)游(you)藝場，游(you)客(ke)眾(zhong)多，2002年1月(yue)18日(ri)《姑蘇晚(wan)報(bao)》刊(kan)登了“七十年前的(de)一幀老照(zhao)片(pian)——惠(hui)蔭園(yuan)(yuan)秋禊圖(tu)”。張榮(rong)培有《重游(you)皖山別(bie)墅》詩曰：“不到游(you)蹤(zong)二十年，墜歡重拾渺(miao)如煙。樓(lou)臺(tai)繚曲還(huan)依(yi)舊，花木凋(diao)零卻遜前。試剔苔痕摹(mo)古篆，且(qie)邀茶話(hua)論新泉。此中雅(ya)有天(tian)(tian)臺(tai)勝，笑我劉郎骨未仙。”1940年張建初(chu)在(zai)此創辦(ban)私立(li)育英女(nv)子初(chu)中，1946年停(ting)辦(ban)。抗戰勝利(li)后(hou)，東部(bu)散為(wei)(wei)(wei)民居(ju)，西部(bu)一度由女(nv)俠施(shi)劍翹創辦(ban)從云小學(xue)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)下黨活(huo)動的(de)主要場所(suo)(suo)。

“安徽會(hui)館”磚(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓在(zai)小巷(xiang)(xiang)深處，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓前(qian)有新建的鐵欄護欄包圍護衛。左(zuo)右有石庫(ku)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)各一(yi)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)包鉛(qian)皮(pi)釘(ding)釘(ding)有裝飾及虛空大字，連同西(xi)(xi)側(ce)的“皖山別墅(shu)”大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，從(cong)東向西(xi)(xi)依次(ci)為“福(fu)”、“祿(lu)”、“壽”三(san)字。“福(fu)”字門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)有磚(zhuan)飾門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)額“憩(qi)棠(tang)”、“祿(lu)”字門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)有磚(zhuan)飾門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)額“敬梓”。原(yuan)安徽會(hui)館門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)照墻處及程(cheng)公祠前(qian)照墻現為幾(ji)家(jia)民居，昭忠祠大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)現為一(yi)初中校(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，對而照墻曾為籃球場，現為學校(xiao)照墻，書(shu)(shu)4個(ge)(ge)一(yi)米見方大字“惠(hui)蔭書(shu)(shu)苑”。現在(zai)一(yi)初中為南顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)18號。東面(mian)(mian)齊迎(ying)曉里，南面(mian)(mian)是(shi)南顯子巷(xiang)(xiang)朝南一(yi)排幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)，原(yuan)巷(xiang)(xiang)對面(mian)(mian)的照墻處現已(yi)建有民居，西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)臨民宅(zhai)，北面(mian)(mian)至(zhi)懸橋巷(xiang)(xiang)沿河線。

從門(men)(men)廳(ting)進(jin)(jin)(jin)去，便是(shi)(shi)一(yi)天井(jing)，左右有月(yue)(yue)洞(dong)門(men)(men)通(tong)行(xing)，利用(yong)月(yue)(yue)洞(dong)門(men)(men)兩面(mian)都(dou)有磚額，如(ru)“泛舟”、“學海”、“博學”、“篤行(xing)”等，前面(mian)第(di)二進(jin)(jin)(jin)、第(di)三(san)進(jin)(jin)(jin)便是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)昭忠祠(ci)，現(xian)(xian)為學校圖書閱覽室(shi)。右面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)月(yue)(yue)洞(dong)門(men)(men)，是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)程公祠(ci)部分，南(nan)面(mian)第(di)一(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)原(yuan)門(men)(men)廳(ting)現(xian)(xian)為總務(wu)處(chu)后勤辦公室(shi)，朝(chao)南(nan)沿街(jie)開一(yi)排窗；向北一(yi)廳(ting)室(shi)為第(di)二進(jin)(jin)(jin)，墻內(nei)東(dong)(dong)壁間還嵌有當年建(jian)(jian)祠(ci)時的(de)碑(bei)刻一(yi)方。第(di)三(san)進(jin)(jin)(jin)原(yuan)祠(ci)堂(tang)(tang)工作(zuo)人員的(de)辦公室(shi)及東(dong)(dong)側包公殿，現(xian)(xian)已改建(jian)(jian)為編號(hao)①的(de)一(yi)幢四層16只(zhi)教(jiao)室(shi)的(de)教(jiao)學樓(lou)(lou)。第(di)四進(jin)(jin)(jin)保存(cun)著原(yuan)享(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)大殿，高(gao)敞宏偉，為蘇(su)城保存(cun)不多(duo)的(de)清(qing)代祠(ci)堂(tang)(tang)享(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)。內(nei)有粗大的(de)楠木庭柱，上(shang)面(mian)雕粱畫棟，棟梁上(shang)有彩繪人物、花(hua)卉圖案，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)清(qing)代始建(jian)(jian)原(yuan)物，有較高(gao)的(de)歷史(shi)和(he)藝術保護價值。穿過程公祠(ci)向東(dong)(dong)，為原(yuan)安徽(hui)會館部分，第(di)一(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)門(men)(men)廳(ting)現(xian)(xian)為校史(shi)陳列室(shi)，作(zuo)保護性使(shi)用(yong)。存(cun)有“賓至如(ru)歸”磚細門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)。

2006年(nian)，安徽會館作為惠(hui)蔭園的一(yi)部分列入(ru)江蘇省文物(wu)保護單位。

歷史沿革

當(dang)時內部(bu)安(an)(an)徽會館、程(cheng)公(gong)祠等的設(she)(she)置位(wei)(wei)置是(shi)：最東(dong)(dong)部(bu)是(shi)安(an)(an)徽會館，南顯子巷18號，門(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)朝南，對面(mian)(mian)照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，磚刻(ke)門(men)(men)樓(lou)大(da)門(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西門(men)(men)房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西賬(zhang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西配房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對照(zhao)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)俗(su)稱(cheng)包(bao)公(gong)殿，正中神龕里并(bing)列供(gong)奉(feng)著兩(liang)座(zuo)神位(wei)(wei)，杏(xing)黃色神幔中一(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)大(da)宋龍圖閣直學(xue)士包(bao)孝肅公(gong)之神位(wei)(wei)，即包(bao)青天包(bao)拯(zheng)，安(an)(an)徽合肥人(ren)，當(dang)時稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“關節(jie)不(bu)到，有(you)(you)閻羅老包(bao)”；一(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)先賢朱文(wen)(wen)公(gong)，即朱嘉，徽州婺源人(ren)，集理(li)學(xue)之大(da)成者，有(you)(you)《朱文(wen)(wen)公(gong)集》、《朱子語類》等。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)后(hou)面(mian)(mian)隙地即惠蔭園(yuan)，為(wei)(wei)會館之后(hou)花園(yuan)。東(dong)(dong)左日(ri)“樾(yue)蔭堂(tang)(tang)”，設(she)(she)有(you)(you)正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)邊耳房(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)十問(wen)，東(dong)(dong)披廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又(you)后(hou)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)十間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前川堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)問(wen)，邊房(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西右日(ri)“經商公(gong)所”設(she)(she)正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對照(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客(ke)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)問(wen)，轎(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大(da)門(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)額“皖山別墅”，對面(mian)(mian)照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)。經商公(gong)所之西為(wei)(wei)程(cheng)公(gong)祠，照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，大(da)門(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西面(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)淮軍昭忠(zhong)(zhong)祠，照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，大(da)門(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)問(wen)，東(dong)(dong)官(guan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西官(guan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭忠(zhong)(zhong)祠后(hou)為(wei)(wei)王公(gong)祠，正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對照(zhao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這幾處(chu)內部(bu)都有(you)(you)門(men)(men)洞通行，并(bing)有(you)(you)回廊(lang)相連，整個安(an)(an)徽會館內部(bu)實為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)大(da)院，下(xia)(xia)雨天行走可以不(bu)濕鞋。當(dang)時有(you)(you)袁(yuan)學(xue)瀾詩稱(cheng)：“層樓(lou)不(bu)隔遠山青，往事閑尋(xun)滿(man)草庭(ting)。三(san)(san)(san)友名高(gao)爭綺角，半(ban)州豪去散譚邢。壺觴時集濃春賞，花石猶余戰血腥。無(wu)限沙(sha)蟲沉浩劫，～庵香火(huo)奉(feng)神靈(ling)。”實有(you)(you)房(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)百余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花園(yuan)有(you)(you)后(hou)門(men)(men)，直通懸橋巷河沿，有(you)(you)橋通行至(zhi)對面(mian)(mian)還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)住房(fang)(fang)(fang)。

其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)、程公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠、淮軍昭忠(zhong)祠，都是(shi)(shi)圍繞安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)籍主(zhu)題的(de)(de)(de)建置，而安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又是(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)，以“速招徠，節費用(yong)(yong)(yong)，宦(huan)商(shang)聯(lian)為(wei)一體．會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期以持久(jiu)”，只是(shi)(shi)為(wei)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)日常添置、維(wei)修(xiu)開(kai)支(zhi)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)經(jing)(jing)濟來源。在《呈送光緒兀年報銷并請於會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)兼(jian)立(li)經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)稟》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曾(ceng)稱：“花園現已落成，該道等擬(ni)照滄浪亭(ting)、獅子(zi)林之(zhi)例，將(jiang)園門常開(kai)不(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游人(ren)(ren)，庶免久(jiu)閑(xian)易致損壞，兼(jian)助歲(sui)修(xiu)之(zhi)資。”這樣看來早在光緒初那里已不(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游人(ren)(ren)對外開(kai)放(fang)了。辛司堂(tang)本是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)奉肅穆之(zhi)地。《新建安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)記(ji)》說：“包孝肅公(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)皖(wan)北(bei)，朱子(zi)出皖(wan)南，鄉(xiang)人(ren)(ren)舊奉祀之(zhi)，遂于(yu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)并為(wei)兩公(gong)(gong)(gong)神主(zhu)。”“即使鄉(xiang)之(zhi)宦(huan)者(zhe)、商(shang)者(zhe)、客游者(zhe)有群萃之(zhi)地，又足供(gong)(gong)其(qi)循歷(li)娛覽。”這才(cai)是(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以敦睦(mu)其(qi)鄉(xiang)黨(dang)，崇祀其(qi)鄉(xiang)先生，聯(lian)系鄉(xiang)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)方便之(zhi)處(chu)。在程公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠暨會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)章(zhang)程規條中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有：“祠內(nei)房屋不(bu)(bu)準借(jie)作公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)，以防(fang)糟(zao)蹋。”“祠內(nei)旁房準皖(wan)省官紳往來寄寓，須(xu)報姓名鄉(xiang)貫，不(bu)(bu)準多帶閑(xian)人(ren)(ren)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)準住(zhu)家眷，一切食用(yong)(yong)(yong)均須(xu)自備。…‘會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)房屋不(bu)(bu)F二百間盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)居住(zhu)，其(qi)園內(nei)亭(ting)臺樓閣原系宴會(hui)(hui)雅集(ji)之(zhi)所(suo)，凡在會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)居住(zhu)者(zhe)，無論(lun)上下人(ren)(ren)等均于(yu)園外居住(zhu)，以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間弄堂(tang)為(wei)界(jie)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)于(yu)園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下榻，至園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各種(zhong)花木開(kai)放(fang)之(zhi)時，各宜隨(sui)時愛護，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)任意(yi)攀折。”安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)于(yu)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)在開(kai)放(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)，在利用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護的(de)(de)(de)，這樣的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施值得(de)后人(ren)(ren)借(jie)鑒。