原名范文穆(mu)公(gong)祠,位于市(shi)(shi)郊石湖行春橋畔茶磨(mo)嶼下,1963年被(bei)列(lie)為蘇州市(shi)(shi)文物保(bao)護單位。
范(fan)(fan)成大(da)(da)(1126-1193),字(zi)致能,號石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)居士。漢(han)族,平江吳郡(jun)(郡(jun)治(zhi)在今江蘇吳縣)人(ren)(ren)。南宋詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)。他陸游、楊萬里、尤袤合(he)稱"中(zhong)興四大(da)(da)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)"。官至參(can)知(zhi)政事(shi)、資政殿大(da)(da)學(xue)士。曾奉命出使(shi)(shi)金邦,堅強不屈,不辱使(shi)(shi)命,幾乎被殺。使(shi)(shi)金途中(zhong)所(suo)作(zuo)行(xing)詩(shi),表達了渴(ke)望國家統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的強烈愛國主義思想。石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)是范(fan)(fan)大(da)(da)成歸隱之(zhi)(zhi)地,依隨(sui)地勢(shi)高下,建(jian)造亭(ting)臺樓(lou)榭,遍(bian)栽花木,有(you)千巖觀、天鏡(jing)閣、盟鷗亭(ting)、玉(yu)雪坡、農圃堂諸勝。宋孝宗題"石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)"二字(zi)賜之(zhi)(zhi),遂有(you)石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)別(bie)墅(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)稱。別(bie)墅(shu)因人(ren)(ren)而名盛(sheng),與湖(hu)(hu)山風光(guang)相(xiang)得益彰,為(wei)時人(ren)(ren)所(suo)傾(qing)倒,競相(xiang)賦詩(shi)作(zuo)文,成為(wei)一(yi)(yi)時盛(sheng)事(shi)。淳熙(xi)十三年(nian)(1186年(nian)),范(fan)(fan)成大(da)(da)在石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)所(suo)作(zuo)《四時田園雜(za)興六(liu)十首》,是他一(yi)(yi)生田園詩(shi)的代表作(zuo)。著有(you)《石(shi)湖(hu)(hu)集》一(yi)(yi)百(bai)三十六(liu)卷及《驂鸞錄》、《吳船錄》、《桂海虞衡志(zhi)》、《吳郡(jun)志(zhi)》等。
范成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)的石(shi)湖(hu)別(bie)墅歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)久(jiu)遠(yuan),早(zao)已湮沒。明正(zheng)德十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1520年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),御(yu)史盧雍于石(shi)湖(hu)茶(cha)磨山(shan)北、行春橋南建(jian)范文穆(mu)(mu)公祠,以紀念(nian)范成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),將范成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)手書《四時(shi)田園(yuan)雜(za)興六十首》摹(mo)刻石(shi)碑,嵌于祠壁。萬(wan)歷(li)四十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1612年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))參議范允(yun)臨重建(jian)。崇禎(zhen)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡撫張國維修(xiu)(xiu)。清乾(qian)隆間宮(gong)廷畫家、蘇州人徐楊所作《盛世滋長圖(tu)》中,繪有祠宇全(quan)貌,依(yi)山(shan)臨湖(hu),規模頗宏(hong)。嘉慶三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1798年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))范來宗(zong)有修(xiu)(xiu)。同(tong)治(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間重修(xiu)(xiu)。1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)根源先生前(qian)往訪(fang)古(gu)時(shi),尚有祠宇三進,享堂正(zheng)中供有范文穆(mu)(mu)公神(shen)主。伺(si)候年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)久(jiu)失(shi)修(xiu)(xiu),日漸傾圮。從1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起,開(kai)始全(quan)面整修(xiu)(xiu)祠宇,并將西南側海潮寺劃入,1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣工開(kai)放,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)石(shi)湖(hu)風景(jing)區(qu)的主要景(jing)點之一(yi)。
修復一新的(de)范(fan)成大祠(ci)背山面(mian)(mian)湖,東(dong)向(xiang),有祠(ci)門(men)、享(xiang)堂(tang)兩進,左右以(yi)廊相連,中為庭院。祠(ci)門(men)額"范(fan)文(wen)穆公祠(ci)",面(mian)(mian)闊三間(jian),硬山頂。享(xiang)堂(tang)面(mian)(mian)闊三間(jian)16米,進深8米,硬山頂。堂(tang)內懸"壽櫟(li)堂(tang)"匾,有范(fan)成大塑像(xiang)。左右壁間(jian)嵌明代石刻(ke)田園詩碑七方,詩、書、刻(ke)俱佳(jia),堪稱珍品(pin)。