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基本介紹

鳳(feng)(feng)凰山在(zai)(zai)杭州市(shi)主城(cheng)區的西南(nan)(nan)面(mian)。主峰海拔178米(mi)，北近(jin)西湖(hu)，南(nan)(nan)接江(jiang)濱，形若(ruo)飛(fei)鳳(feng)(feng)，故名(ming)。隋唐在(zai)(zai)此(ci)肇建州治，五(wu)代(dai)吳越設為國(guo)都(dou)，筑(zhu)子城(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)建都(dou)，建為皇城(cheng)。方圓九里之地，興(xing)建殿堂四、樓七、臺六、亭十九。還有(you)(you)人工仿造的"小西湖(hu)"，有(you)(you)"六橋"、"飛(fei)來峰"等風(feng)景構筑(zhu)。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)亡后，宮殿改作寺(si)院，元代(dai)火災，成為廢墟(xu)。現還有(you)(you)報國(guo)寺(si)、勝果(guo)寺(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)凰池及(ji)郭公泉等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)杭(hang)州(zhou)市的東南面(mian)。主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔178米(mi)，北(bei)近西(xi)(xi)湖，南接江(jiang)(jiang)濱，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)(gu)名。隋唐在(zai)此肇建(jian)(jian)(jian)州(zhou)治，五(wu)(wu)代(dai)吳越將(jiang)杭(hang)州(zhou)設為國都，筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)。南宋(song)宋(song)高(gao)宗(zong)趙構定都杭(hang)州(zhou)后(hou)，在(zai)北(bei)宋(song)州(zhou)治舊址(zhi)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)禁(jin)苑(yuan)。以鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)。東起鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)，西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)麓(lu)，南起苕帚灣，北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)萬松嶺，方圓4.5公(gong)(gong)里。大(da)內(nei)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)3座(zuo)(zuo)，南稱麗正(zheng)，北(bei)為和(he)寧(ning)，東曰東華(hua)。皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)巍峨林立，光耀奪目。有(you)金(jin)鑾殿(dian)(dian)、垂(chui)拱殿(dian)(dian)、選(xuan)德殿(dian)(dian)、福(fu)寧(ning)殿(dian)(dian)、勤政殿(dian)(dian)、復古(gu)殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)殿(dian)(dian)、堂(tang)、樓閣約130余(yu)(yu)座(zuo)(zuo)。“方圓九里之地，興建(jian)(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)四、樓七、臺六、亭十九”，此外(wai)還(huan)(huan)有(you)華(hua)美的御(yu)苑(yuan)直至(zhi)(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔。還(huan)(huan)有(you)人(ren)工仿造(zao)的"小西(xi)(xi)湖"，有(you)"六橋"、"飛來(lai)峰(feng)(feng)"等(deng)風景(jing)(jing)構筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。南宋(song)亡后(hou)，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)改作寺(si)院。第(di)二年，即元(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)十四年(1277)因為民間失火延及，南宋(song)朝(chao)廷在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的殿(dian)(dian)宇焚毀(hui)大(da)半(ban)。十年之后(hou)，楊璉真珈奏請元(yuan)廷，利用南宋(song)大(da)內(nei)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)、殘余(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材料在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)修筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了(le)五(wu)(wu)座(zuo)(zuo)佛寺(si)，名曰“鎮本”，以示(shi)壓(ya)鎮江(jiang)(jiang)南人(ren)民之意。這(zhe)五(wu)(wu)座(zuo)(zuo)寺(si)廟在(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)也先后(hou)湮滅，最后(hou)在(zai)元(yuan)末的戰爭中(zhong)徹底毀(hui)損。宋(song)元(yuan)時代(dai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的，元(yuan)末張士(shi)誠新筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)杭(hang)州(zhou)新城(cheng)(cheng)垣的時候將(jiang)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)攔在(zai)了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)。至(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)代(dai)成為廢墟，到明(ming)末，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)已經完全成為一塊人(ren)跡(ji)罕至(zhi)(zhi)的荒蕪(wu)之地。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)緊鄰(lin)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)，又是鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)的一個(ge)制高(gao)點(dian)。太平軍攻(gong)打杭(hang)州(zhou)時，就搶占(zhan)過這(zhe)里作為重要的攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)地。整個(ge)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)苑(yuan)的殘址(zhi)，南起苕帚灣，北(bei)到萬松嶺，東沿中(zhong)河南端之西(xi)(xi)岸(an)，西(xi)(xi)達(da)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓(lu)，周(zhou)長九里。現還(huan)(huan)有(you)報國寺(si)、勝果寺(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)池及郭公(gong)(gong)泉等(deng)殘跡(ji)。現遺址(zhi)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)軍隊用房(fang)(fang)和(he)杭(hang)州(zhou)卷(juan)煙廠(chang)等(deng)大(da)型建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以及民房(fang)(fang)，國家(jia)文(wen)物部門(men)正(zheng)在(zai)進行考古(gu)發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)御(yu)苑(yuan)內(nei)石(shi)刻、石(shi)景(jing)(jing)頗多，規劃辟為"南宋(song)故(gu)(gu)宮(gong)遺址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園"。