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基本介紹

鳳凰(huang)山在杭州市主城(cheng)區(qu)的(de)西(xi)南面(mian)。主峰海拔178米，北近(jin)西(xi)湖，南接江濱(bin)，形若飛(fei)鳳，故名。隋唐在此肇建(jian)(jian)州治，五代(dai)吳越(yue)設為(wei)國(guo)都，筑(zhu)子城(cheng)。南宋(song)建(jian)(jian)都，建(jian)(jian)為(wei)皇城(cheng)。方圓九(jiu)里之地，興建(jian)(jian)殿堂(tang)四、樓七、臺(tai)六(liu)、亭(ting)十(shi)九(jiu)。還有人工仿造的(de)"小西(xi)湖"，有"六(liu)橋"、"飛(fei)來峰"等風景構筑(zhu)。南宋(song)亡后，宮殿改(gai)作(zuo)寺(si)院，元(yuan)代(dai)火災，成為(wei)廢墟。現還有報國(guo)寺(si)、勝果(guo)寺(si)、鳳凰(huang)池及郭(guo)公(gong)泉等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)南(nan)面(mian)。主峰海拔178米(mi)，北(bei)近西(xi)湖(hu)，南(nan)接江濱(bin)，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故名(ming)。隋唐在(zai)(zai)此肇(zhao)建州(zhou)(zhou)治，五(wu)代吳越將(jiang)(jiang)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)設為(wei)國都(dou)，筑(zhu)子城(cheng)。南(nan)宋(song)宋(song)高宗(zong)趙構定都(dou)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)北(bei)宋(song)州(zhou)(zhou)治舊址修(xiu)建宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)禁苑(yuan)。以鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)皇城(cheng)。東(dong)起(qi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)門(men)，西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓(lu)，南(nan)起(qi)苕(tiao)帚灣，北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)萬松嶺，方圓4.5公(gong)里(li)(li)。大(da)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)城(cheng)門(men)3座，南(nan)稱麗正，北(bei)為(wei)和寧，東(dong)曰東(dong)華。皇城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)巍峨(e)林立，光耀奪目(mu)。有(you)(you)金鑾殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、垂拱(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、選德殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、福寧殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、勤(qin)政殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、復古殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、堂、樓(lou)(lou)閣約(yue)130余座。“方圓九里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)地，興建殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂四、樓(lou)(lou)七(qi)、臺六(liu)、亭十九”，此外(wai)還有(you)(you)華美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)御苑(yuan)直至(zhi)(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)巔。還有(you)(you)人工(gong)仿造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"小(xiao)西(xi)湖(hu)"，有(you)(you)"六(liu)橋"、"飛來峰"等(deng)(deng)風景構筑(zhu)。南(nan)宋(song)亡后(hou)，宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)改作寺(si)(si)院。第二年(nian)，即元至(zhi)(zhi)元十四年(nian)(1277)因(yin)為(wei)民間失火延及，南(nan)宋(song)朝廷(ting)在(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇焚毀大(da)半(ban)。十年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，楊(yang)璉真珈(jia)奏請元廷(ting)，利用(yong)南(nan)宋(song)大(da)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)基座、殘(can)余建筑(zhu)物和建筑(zhu)材(cai)料在(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)上修(xiu)筑(zhu)了五(wu)座佛寺(si)(si)，名(ming)曰“鎮本”，以示壓(ya)鎮江南(nan)人民之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。這(zhe)五(wu)座寺(si)(si)廟在(zai)(zai)元代也先后(hou)湮(yin)滅，最后(hou)在(zai)(zai)元末(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭中(zhong)徹底毀損。宋(song)元時代鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)是在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，元末(mo)張士(shi)誠(cheng)新筑(zhu)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)新城(cheng)垣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候將(jiang)(jiang)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)攔(lan)在(zai)(zai)了城(cheng)外(wai)。至(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)代成為(wei)廢墟(xu)，到明(ming)末(mo)，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)已經(jing)完全成為(wei)一塊人跡(ji)罕至(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)蕪之(zhi)(zhi)地。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)緊(jin)鄰錢塘江，又是鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個制高點。太平軍攻打杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)時，就(jiu)搶占過(guo)這(zhe)里(li)(li)作為(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攻城(cheng)基地。整(zheng)個鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)苑(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)址，南(nan)起(qi)苕(tiao)帚灣，北(bei)到萬松嶺，東(dong)沿中(zhong)河(he)南(nan)端之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)岸，西(xi)達鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓(lu)，周長(chang)九里(li)(li)。現還有(you)(you)報國寺(si)(si)、勝果寺(si)(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)池及郭公(gong)泉等(deng)(deng)殘(can)跡(ji)。現遺址上建有(you)(you)軍隊用(yong)房和杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)卷煙廠等(deng)(deng)大(da)型(xing)建筑(zhu)以及民房，國家(jia)文(wen)物部(bu)門(men)正在(zai)(zai)進行考古發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)御苑(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)石刻、石景頗多，規劃辟為(wei)"南(nan)宋(song)故宮(gong)(gong)遺址公(gong)園"。