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基本介紹

鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山在杭州(zhou)市主城(cheng)區的西(xi)南(nan)面(mian)。主峰海拔(ba)178米(mi)，北(bei)近(jin)西(xi)湖，南(nan)接江濱，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)，故(gu)名。隋唐在此肇建(jian)州(zhou)治(zhi)，五代吳越(yue)設為國都(dou)(dou)，筑(zhu)子(zi)城(cheng)。南(nan)宋(song)建(jian)都(dou)(dou)，建(jian)為皇(huang)城(cheng)。方圓九里之地，興(xing)建(jian)殿堂四(si)、樓七、臺(tai)六(liu)、亭十九。還有(you)人工仿造的"小西(xi)湖"，有(you)"六(liu)橋"、"飛來峰"等風(feng)景構筑(zhu)。南(nan)宋(song)亡后，宮(gong)殿改作寺院，元代火(huo)災，成為廢墟(xu)。現還有(you)報(bao)國寺、勝(sheng)果寺、鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)池及郭公泉等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)市的(de)(de)東(dong)南(nan)面。主峰海拔(ba)178米，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)近西(xi)湖(hu)，南(nan)接江濱，形若(ruo)飛(fei)(fei)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)名(ming)。隋唐在(zai)此(ci)肇(zhao)建(jian)(jian)州(zhou)治，五(wu)代(dai)(dai)吳越將杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)設為(wei)國(guo)都，筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子城。南(nan)宋(song)宋(song)高宗趙構(gou)定都杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)后(hou)，在(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)州(zhou)治舊址(zhi)修建(jian)(jian)宮城禁(jin)苑(yuan)(yuan)。以鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)皇(huang)(huang)城。東(dong)起(qi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)，西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓(lu)(lu)，南(nan)起(qi)苕(tiao)帚灣，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)萬(wan)松(song)嶺(ling)，方圓(yuan)4.5公(gong)里(li)。大內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)城門(men)(men)(men)3座，南(nan)稱麗(li)正，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)和寧，東(dong)曰東(dong)華。皇(huang)(huang)城內(nei)(nei)(nei)，宮殿巍峨林立，光耀奪目。有(you)(you)金(jin)鑾(luan)殿、垂拱殿、選德殿、福寧殿、勤政殿、復古殿等(deng)殿、堂(tang)、樓(lou)閣(ge)約(yue)130余座。“方圓(yuan)九里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)地，興(xing)建(jian)(jian)殿堂(tang)四(si)(si)、樓(lou)七(qi)、臺六、亭十(shi)九”，此(ci)外還有(you)(you)華美的(de)(de)御苑(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔。還有(you)(you)人工仿造的(de)(de)"小西(xi)湖(hu)"，有(you)(you)"六橋"、"飛(fei)(fei)來(lai)峰"等(deng)風景(jing)構(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。南(nan)宋(song)亡(wang)后(hou)，宮殿改作(zuo)寺(si)院。第二年，即元(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)四(si)(si)年(1277)因為(wei)民間(jian)失火(huo)延及(ji)，南(nan)宋(song)朝廷(ting)在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)殿宇焚毀大半。十(shi)年之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，楊璉真珈(jia)奏請(qing)元(yuan)(yuan)廷(ting)，利用南(nan)宋(song)大內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基座、殘余建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材料在(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)修筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了五(wu)座佛寺(si)，名(ming)曰“鎮本”，以示壓鎮江南(nan)人民之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。這(zhe)五(wu)座寺(si)廟在(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)也先后(hou)湮滅，最后(hou)在(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)的(de)(de)戰爭中徹(che)底毀損。宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)時代(dai)(dai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)在(zai)城內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)，元(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)張(zhang)士誠新(xin)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)新(xin)城垣的(de)(de)時候(hou)將鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)攔在(zai)了城外。至(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)代(dai)(dai)成為(wei)廢墟，到明(ming)末(mo)，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)已(yi)經完(wan)全成為(wei)一(yi)塊人跡罕(han)至(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)荒蕪之(zhi)(zhi)地。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)緊鄰錢塘江，又是(shi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)一(yi)個制高點(dian)。太平(ping)軍(jun)攻打(da)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)時，就搶(qiang)占(zhan)過(guo)這(zhe)里(li)作(zuo)為(wei)重要的(de)(de)攻城基地。整個鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮苑(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)殘址(zhi)，南(nan)起(qi)苕(tiao)帚灣，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)到萬(wan)松(song)嶺(ling)，東(dong)沿中河南(nan)端之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)岸，西(xi)達鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓(lu)(lu)，周長(chang)九里(li)。現還有(you)(you)報(bao)國(guo)寺(si)、勝果寺(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)池及(ji)郭公(gong)泉等(deng)殘跡。現遺(yi)址(zhi)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)軍(jun)隊用房和杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)卷(juan)煙(yan)廠等(deng)大型(xing)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以及(ji)民房，國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)正在(zai)進行考(kao)古發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)御苑(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)石(shi)(shi)刻、石(shi)(shi)景(jing)頗多，規(gui)劃(hua)辟(pi)為(wei)"南(nan)宋(song)故(gu)宮遺(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)"。