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基本介紹

鳳(feng)凰山在(zai)杭州市主(zhu)城(cheng)區的西南面(mian)。主(zhu)峰海拔178米，北近西湖，南接江濱，形若飛鳳(feng)，故名。隋唐(tang)在(zai)此(ci)肇建(jian)州治，五代吳越設為(wei)國都，筑(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)城(cheng)。南宋建(jian)都，建(jian)為(wei)皇城(cheng)。方圓九里之地，興(xing)建(jian)殿堂(tang)四、樓七(qi)、臺六、亭十(shi)九。還有(you)人工仿造的"小西湖"，有(you)"六橋"、"飛來峰"等風景(jing)構筑(zhu)(zhu)。南宋亡后，宮殿改(gai)作寺(si)院，元代火災，成為(wei)廢墟。現還有(you)報國寺(si)、勝果寺(si)、鳳(feng)凰池及郭公泉等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)南面。主峰(feng)海拔178米，北(bei)近(jin)西(xi)(xi)湖，南接江濱，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)名。隋唐在此肇建(jian)(jian)(jian)州(zhou)治，五(wu)代吳越將杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)設為國(guo)都(dou)，筑(zhu)子城(cheng)。南宋(song)宋(song)高宗(zong)趙構(gou)定都(dou)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)后(hou)，在北(bei)宋(song)州(zhou)治舊址(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)宮(gong)城(cheng)禁苑。以鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為皇城(cheng)。東(dong)起(qi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)，西(xi)(xi)至鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)麓(lu)，南起(qi)苕帚(zhou)灣(wan)，北(bei)至萬松嶺，方(fang)圓4.5公里(li)。大內有城(cheng)門(men)3座(zuo)，南稱麗正，北(bei)為和寧，東(dong)曰東(dong)華。皇城(cheng)內，宮(gong)殿(dian)巍峨林立，光耀奪(duo)目。有金鑾殿(dian)、垂(chui)拱殿(dian)、選德殿(dian)、福寧殿(dian)、勤政殿(dian)、復古殿(dian)等(deng)殿(dian)、堂、樓閣約(yue)130余座(zuo)。“方(fang)圓九(jiu)里(li)之地，興建(jian)(jian)(jian)殿(dian)堂四、樓七、臺六(liu)、亭十九(jiu)”，此外還(huan)有華美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)御苑直至鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巔。還(huan)有人工(gong)仿造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)"小西(xi)(xi)湖"，有"六(liu)橋"、"飛來峰(feng)"等(deng)風景構(gou)筑(zhu)。南宋(song)亡后(hou)，宮(gong)殿(dian)改(gai)作寺(si)(si)院。第二(er)年(nian)，即元(yuan)至元(yuan)十四年(nian)(1277)因為民間失火延(yan)及(ji)，南宋(song)朝廷在鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)宇焚毀大半。十年(nian)之后(hou)，楊(yang)璉真珈奏請元(yuan)廷，利(li)用(yong)南宋(song)大內的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基座(zuo)、殘余建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物和建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料在鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上修(xiu)筑(zhu)了(le)五(wu)座(zuo)佛寺(si)(si)，名曰“鎮本”，以示壓鎮江南人民之意。這五(wu)座(zuo)寺(si)(si)廟在元(yuan)代也先后(hou)湮滅(mie)，最后(hou)在元(yuan)末的(de)(de)(de)戰爭中(zhong)(zhong)徹底毀損。宋(song)元(yuan)時代鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是在城(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)，元(yuan)末張士誠新筑(zhu)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)新城(cheng)垣的(de)(de)(de)時候將鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)攔(lan)在了(le)城(cheng)外。至明(ming)代成為廢墟，到(dao)明(ming)末，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)已經(jing)完全成為一塊人跡罕至的(de)(de)(de)荒蕪之地。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)緊鄰錢塘(tang)江，又是鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)制高點(dian)。太(tai)平軍(jun)攻打(da)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)時，就搶占(zhan)過這里(li)作為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)攻城(cheng)基地。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)苑的(de)(de)(de)殘址(zhi)(zhi)，南起(qi)苕帚(zhou)灣(wan)，北(bei)到(dao)萬松嶺，東(dong)沿(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)河(he)南端之西(xi)(xi)岸(an)，西(xi)(xi)達鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓(lu)，周長九(jiu)里(li)。現還(huan)有報(bao)國(guo)寺(si)(si)、勝果寺(si)(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)池及(ji)郭公泉(quan)等(deng)殘跡。現遺址(zhi)(zhi)上建(jian)(jian)(jian)有軍(jun)隊用(yong)房和杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)卷煙廠等(deng)大型建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)以及(ji)民房，國(guo)家文物部門(men)正在進行考古發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)御苑內石(shi)刻、石(shi)景頗多，規劃辟為"南宋(song)故(gu)宮(gong)遺址(zhi)(zhi)公園"。