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基本介紹

鳳凰山在(zai)(zai)杭州(zhou)市主(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)區的西(xi)南(nan)面。主(zhu)峰海拔178米，北近西(xi)湖，南(nan)接江濱，形(xing)若飛鳳，故名(ming)。隋唐在(zai)(zai)此肇建(jian)州(zhou)治，五代吳越設為國(guo)都，筑子城(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)宋建(jian)都，建(jian)為皇城(cheng)(cheng)。方圓九里之地，興建(jian)殿堂四(si)、樓七(qi)、臺六、亭十九。還有人工仿造的"小西(xi)湖"，有"六橋"、"飛來峰"等風景構筑。南(nan)宋亡(wang)后，宮殿改作(zuo)寺(si)院，元代火(huo)災(zai)，成為廢墟。現還有報(bao)國(guo)寺(si)、勝(sheng)果寺(si)、鳳凰池及郭公泉(quan)等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山在(zai)(zai)(zai)杭(hang)(hang)州市的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)面。主峰海(hai)拔178米，北近(jin)西(xi)湖，南(nan)(nan)接江濱(bin)，形(xing)若飛鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)名。隋唐在(zai)(zai)(zai)此肇建州治，五(wu)(wu)代(dai)吳越(yue)將杭(hang)(hang)州設為國都(dou)，筑子城(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)宋宋高(gao)宗趙構(gou)定都(dou)杭(hang)(hang)州后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)北宋州治舊址修建宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)禁苑。以鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山為皇城(cheng)(cheng)。東(dong)起鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山門(men)(men)，西(xi)至鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山西(xi)麓，南(nan)(nan)起苕(tiao)帚(zhou)灣(wan)，北至萬松嶺，方圓(yuan)(yuan)4.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)。大(da)內有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)3座，南(nan)(nan)稱麗正，北為和寧(ning)，東(dong)曰東(dong)華。皇城(cheng)(cheng)內，宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)巍峨林立，光耀奪目。有(you)金鑾殿(dian)(dian)、垂拱(gong)殿(dian)(dian)、選德殿(dian)(dian)、福寧(ning)殿(dian)(dian)、勤政(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)、復古(gu)殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)殿(dian)(dian)、堂、樓閣約(yue)130余(yu)座。“方圓(yuan)(yuan)九(jiu)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)地，興(xing)建殿(dian)(dian)堂四、樓七、臺六、亭十九(jiu)”，此外(wai)還(huan)(huan)有(you)華美的(de)(de)(de)御苑直至鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山巔。還(huan)(huan)有(you)人工仿造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)"小(xiao)西(xi)湖"，有(you)"六橋"、"飛來峰"等(deng)風景構(gou)筑。南(nan)(nan)宋亡后(hou)(hou)(hou)，宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)改作寺(si)(si)院(yuan)。第二年(nian)，即元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十四年(nian)(1277)因為民間(jian)失火延(yan)及，南(nan)(nan)宋朝(chao)廷在(zai)(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山的(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇焚毀大(da)半。十年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，楊璉真珈奏請元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廷，利用(yong)南(nan)(nan)宋大(da)內的(de)(de)(de)建筑基(ji)座、殘余(yu)建筑物(wu)和建筑材料在(zai)(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山上修筑了(le)五(wu)(wu)座佛寺(si)(si)，名曰“鎮本”，以示(shi)壓(ya)鎮江南(nan)(nan)人民之(zhi)(zhi)意。這五(wu)(wu)座寺(si)(si)廟在(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)也(ye)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)湮滅，最后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭中徹底毀損。宋元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時代(dai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山是在(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)張士誠新(xin)筑杭(hang)(hang)州新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)(de)(de)時候將鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山攔在(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)。至明(ming)代(dai)成(cheng)為廢墟，到明(ming)末(mo)，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山已經完(wan)全成(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)塊人跡罕至的(de)(de)(de)荒蕪(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)地。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山緊鄰(lin)錢塘江，又是鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)制高(gao)點。太平軍(jun)攻打杭(hang)(hang)州時，就搶占過(guo)這里(li)作為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)攻城(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)地。整(zheng)個(ge)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)苑的(de)(de)(de)殘址，南(nan)(nan)起苕(tiao)帚(zhou)灣(wan)，北到萬松嶺，東(dong)沿(yan)中河南(nan)(nan)端之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)岸(an)，西(xi)達鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山東(dong)麓，周長(chang)九(jiu)里(li)。現還(huan)(huan)有(you)報國寺(si)(si)、勝果(guo)寺(si)(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)池及郭公(gong)(gong)泉等(deng)殘跡。現遺址上建有(you)軍(jun)隊用(yong)房和杭(hang)(hang)州卷煙廠等(deng)大(da)型(xing)建筑以及民房，國家文(wen)物(wu)部門(men)(men)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)進行考(kao)古(gu)發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)山御苑內石刻、石景頗多，規劃辟為"南(nan)(nan)宋故(gu)宮(gong)(gong)遺址公(gong)(gong)園"。