一、工夫紅茶有哪些品種
中國工夫紅茶品類多、產地(di)廣。按地(di)區命名的有滇紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、祁門工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、浮梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、寧(ning)紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、宜紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、湘江工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、閩紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(含坦洋(yang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、白(bai)琳工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、政和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu))、川(chuan)紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、越紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、臺灣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、江蘇工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及粵紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)等(deng)。按品種(zhong)又分(fen)為大(da)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和小(xiao)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。大(da)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶是以(yi)喬木(mu)或半(ban)喬木(mu)茶樹鮮(xian)葉制(zhi)成(cheng);小(xiao)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶是以(yi)灌木(mu)型小(xiao)葉種(zhong)茶樹鮮(xian)葉為原料制(zhi)成(cheng)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶。
二、工夫紅茶的品質特征
工夫紅茶的品質特點是外形條索細緊,色澤烏潤。沖泡后,湯色、葉底紅亮,香氣馥郁,滋味甜醇。因采制地區不同,茶樹品種有異,制作技術不一,因而,又有祁紅、滇紅、寧紅、川紅、閩紅、湖紅、越紅之分,每種紅茶都有其獨特之處!
1、祁紅
祁(qi)門紅茶,中國(guo)歷史名茶。著(zhu)名紅茶精品,簡稱(cheng)祁(qi)紅,產(chan)于安(an)徽省祁(qi)門、東至、貴池、石(shi)臺、黟縣,以及(ji)江西的浮(fu)梁一帶(dai)。“祁(qi)紅特(te)絕群芳最,清譽(yu)高香不二門。”祁(qi)門紅茶是紅茶中的極(ji)品,享有盛(sheng)譽(yu),是英國(guo)女王(wang)和(he)王(wang)室的至愛(ai)飲品,高香美(mei)譽(yu),香名遠播,美(mei)稱(cheng)“群芳最”、“紅茶皇(huang)后”。
2、滇紅
滇(dian)紅茶(cha)是云南紅茶(cha)的統稱,分為滇(dian)紅工夫茶(cha)和滇(dian)紅碎茶(cha)兩種。
滇紅工夫:茶芽葉肥壯,金毫顯露,湯(tang)色紅艷,香(xiang)氣高醇,滋味濃厚。
滇紅碎茶(cha):又稱滇紅分級茶(cha),其外形均勻,色(se)澤(ze)烏潤(run),滋味濃(nong)烈,香氣鮮(xian)銳(rui),湯(tang)色(se)紅亮。
3、寧紅
寧紅工夫茶我國(guo)獨特(te)的(de)傳統功夫茶之一。以其(qi)特(te)有的(de)風格而稱譽于(yu)世,素以條索緊結秀麗、金毫顯露(lu)、鋒苗(miao)挺拔、色澤烏潤、香高持久、葉底紅亮(liang)、滋味(wei)濃(nong)薄和鮮爽而馳名中外(wai)。
4、閩紅
閩紅工夫茶系政和工夫、坦洋(yang)工夫和白(bai)琳工夫的(de)統(tong)稱(cheng),均系福建特(te)產。三種(zhong)工夫茶產地不(bu)同、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)不(bu)同、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)風(feng)格不(bu)同,但各自(zi)擁有自(zi)己(ji)的(de)消費(fei)愛好者,盛興(xing)百年(nian)而不(bu)衰。
(1)政和工夫
政和功夫(fu)是“閩紅”三大功夫(fu)之(zhi)一,政和工(gong)夫(fu)產于閩北,以政和縣為主,松溪以及(ji)浙(zhe)江的慶元地區(qu)所(suo)(suo)產紅毛茶(cha),亦集中政和加(jia)工(gong)。基(ji)本制法源于武夷“正山小種”而又有所(suo)(suo)改進,原(yuan)料產地環境(jing)與茶(cha)樹品種也與正山小種有所(suo)(suo)不同,因(yin)而形成自己的獨特風格。成品茶(cha)條索肥壯重實、勻齊(qi),色(se)(se)澤(ze)烏(wu)黑(hei)油(you)潤,毫芽(ya)顯露金黃色(se)(se),頗為美觀;香氣(qi)濃郁(yu)芬(fen)芳,隱約之(zhi)間(jian)頗似紫(zi)羅蘭香氣(qi),湯色(se)(se)紅艷,滋味醇厚。
(2)坦洋工夫
坦洋工夫(fu)是“閩紅(hong)”三大功(gong)夫(fu)之一,曾以產(chan)地分布最廣,產(chan)量、出口量最多而(er)名(ming)列“閩紅(hong)”之首。坦洋工夫(fu)分布較廣,主(zhu)產(chan)福安(an)、拓榮、壽(shou)寧、周寧、霞浦及屏(ping)南北部等(deng)地。有“紅(hong)衣佳人”美稱的坦洋工夫(fu)紅(hong)茶(cha),其外形條索,緊結圓(yuan)直,色澤烏(wu)潤,茶(cha)毫細(xi)細(xi),略顯金黃(huang),香(xiang)氣高(gao)爽,湯色明(ming)亮,滋味醇(chun)厚(hou),適于清飲。也可(ke)(ke)調成檸檬(meng)茶(cha)、奶茶(cha)、玫(mei)瑰紅(hong)茶(cha)、冰(bing)紅(hong)茶(cha),還可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)濃香(xiang)型(xing)的高(gao)度醇(chun)酒調配(pei)成奶酒茶(cha)。
(3)白琳工夫
白琳工(gong)夫產(chan)于(yu)福鼎(ding)縣太姥山白琳、湖林一帶。以主產(chan)地福鼎(ding)白琳命名,其以高超(chao)的純(chun)手工(gong)制作技藝(yi)和(he)獨(du)特、優秀的產(chan)質,其外形條索細長彎曲,茸毫(hao)多呈顆粒絨球狀,色(se)澤黃(huang)黑,內質湯(tang)色(se)淺亮,香(xiang)氣鮮純(chun)有毫(hao)香(xiang),味清鮮甜和(he),葉底鮮紅帶黃(huang)。曾與福安縣“坦洋(yang)工(gong)夫”,政和(he)縣“政和(he)工(gong)夫”并(bing)列為“閩紅三大工(gong)夫茶”而馳名中(zhong)外。
5、湖紅
主產湖(hu)南(nan)省安(an)化、桃源、漣源、邵(shao)陽、平江(jiang)、瀏(liu)陽、長沙等縣(xian)市。湖(hu)紅工(gong)夫(fu)以安(an)化工(gong)夫(fu)為(wei)代表,外形(xing)條索緊(jin)結尚肥實,香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)高,滋味(wei)醇厚,湯色濃(nong),葉底紅稍(shao)暗。平江(jiang)工(gong)夫(fu)香(xiang)(xiang)高,但欠(qian)勻凈。
6、越紅
越紅工夫系浙江省出產的工夫紅茶,以條索(suo)緊結挺直(zhi),得(de)實(shi)勻齊,鋒、苗、顯,凈度(du)高的優(you)(you)美(mei)外(wai)形稱(cheng)著。越(yue)紅工夫茶索(suo)緊細挺直(zhi),色(se)澤烏潤(run),外(wai)形優(you)(you)美(mei),內質(zhi)香(xiang)味(wei)純(chun)正(zheng),湯色(se)紅亮較(jiao)淺,葉底稍暗(an)。越(yue)紅毫(hao)色(se)銀白或灰白。
7、粵紅
粵紅工夫,產于廣東,最著名的產地是英德,又以英紅九號最為知名。它是英(ying)德紅茶和(he)阿薩姆種的(de)雜(za)交產物,而英(ying)德紅茶,又是云南大(da)葉種和(he)廣東鳳凰單叢群體種的(de)交雜(za)后代(dai),所以(yi)英(ying)紅九號有大(da)葉種茶的(de)特點(dian),滋味濃厚,加了糖和(he)奶后,味道更佳(jia)。
8、蘇紅
江蘇紅茶,亦稱“蘇紅”、“宜興紅茶”,產于江蘇宜興,經常被誤稱為“宜紅”。宜興(xing)紅(hong)茶,采摘小葉種茶樹制作,條索緊結(jie),色澤烏潤,湯色紅(hong)亮,甜(tian)香芬芳,滋味醇(chun)厚,葉底紅(hong)亮多嫩莖。
9、川紅
川紅,產于四川省宜賓市等地,創制于20世紀50年代,比滇紅更晚。川紅問世以來,在國(guo)(guo)際市場上享有(you)較高的(de)聲譽,多年來暢銷蘇聯、法國(guo)(guo)、英國(guo)(guo)、德國(guo)(guo)及(ji)羅馬尼亞等國(guo)(guo),堪稱中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工夫紅茶的(de)后起之秀。條索肥壯圓緊、顯金(jin)毫、色澤烏黑油潤、香(xiang)氣清鮮(xian)帶枯糖香(xiang),滋(zi)味醇厚(hou)鮮(xian)爽(shuang),湯色濃亮,葉底厚(hou)軟(ruan)紅勻。
10、宜紅
宜紅工夫,主產于湖北鄂西山區的宜昌、恩施兩地區,起源于19世紀中葉,至今有百余年歷史。條索(suo)緊細有毫,色(se)(se)澤烏潤,香氣甜純,滋味醇(chun)厚,湯色(se)(se)紅亮,葉底柔軟(ruan)。宜(yi)(yi)紅(hong)工夫,簡稱宜(yi)(yi)紅(hong),容易混(hun)淆成江(jiang)蘇宜(yi)(yi)興紅(hong)茶。