一、工夫紅茶有哪些品種
中國工夫紅茶品類多、產地廣。按(an)地區(qu)命名的有滇紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、祁門工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、浮梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、寧紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、宜紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、湘江(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、閩紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(含坦洋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、白琳(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、政(zheng)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu))、川(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、越紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、臺灣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、江(jiang)蘇工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及粵紅(hong)(hong)(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)等。按(an)品種又分為大(da)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和小葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。大(da)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶是(shi)以喬木(mu)或半喬木(mu)茶樹鮮葉制成;小葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶是(shi)以灌(guan)木(mu)型小葉種茶樹鮮葉為原(yuan)料制成的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)茶。
二、工夫紅茶的品質特征
工夫紅茶的品質特點是外形條索細緊,色澤烏潤。沖泡后,湯色、葉底紅亮,香氣馥郁,滋味甜醇。因采制地區不同,茶樹品種有異,制作技術不一,因而,又有祁紅、滇紅、寧紅、川紅、閩紅、湖紅、越紅之分,每種紅茶都有其獨特之處!
1、祁紅
祁(qi)門(men)(men)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha),中(zhong)國歷史名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)。著名(ming)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)精品,簡稱祁(qi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong),產(chan)于安徽省祁(qi)門(men)(men)、東至、貴池(chi)、石臺(tai)、黟縣,以(yi)及(ji)江西的浮梁一(yi)帶(dai)。“祁(qi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)特絕群芳最(zui)(zui),清譽(yu)高香不二(er)門(men)(men)。”祁(qi)門(men)(men)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)是紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)中(zhong)的極品,享有盛譽(yu),是英國女王(wang)和王(wang)室的至愛飲品,高香美(mei)譽(yu),香名(ming)遠播,美(mei)稱“群芳最(zui)(zui)”、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)皇(huang)后”。
2、滇紅
滇紅(hong)茶是云南紅(hong)茶的(de)統稱(cheng),分為滇紅(hong)工(gong)夫茶和滇紅(hong)碎茶兩種(zhong)。
滇(dian)紅工夫:茶(cha)芽葉肥壯,金毫(hao)顯(xian)露,湯色紅艷,香氣高醇,滋(zi)味(wei)濃厚。
滇紅碎茶(cha):又稱滇紅分級茶(cha),其外形均(jun)勻,色(se)澤烏潤(run),滋(zi)味濃烈,香氣鮮銳(rui),湯色(se)紅亮。
3、寧紅
寧紅工夫茶我(wo)國獨特(te)(te)的傳統(tong)功夫茶之一(yi)。以(yi)其特(te)(te)有的風格而稱(cheng)譽于(yu)世(shi),素以(yi)條索緊結秀麗、金毫(hao)顯露、鋒(feng)苗(miao)挺拔、色澤烏潤、香高持久、葉底(di)紅亮、滋味濃薄和鮮爽(shuang)而馳名(ming)中(zhong)外(wai)。
4、閩紅
閩紅工夫(fu)(fu)茶系(xi)政和(he)工夫(fu)(fu)、坦(tan)洋工夫(fu)(fu)和(he)白琳(lin)工夫(fu)(fu)的(de)統稱,均系(xi)福建特產。三(san)種工夫(fu)(fu)茶產地不同(tong)、品種不同(tong)、品質風格不同(tong),但各(ge)自(zi)(zi)擁有自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)消費愛好者,盛興百年而(er)不衰。
(1)政和工夫
政和(he)功夫是(shi)“閩(min)紅”三大功夫之(zhi)一,政和(he)工夫產(chan)于(yu)閩(min)北,以政和(he)縣為(wei)主,松溪(xi)以及浙江的慶元(yuan)地區所產(chan)紅毛茶,亦集(ji)中(zhong)政和(he)加工。基本制法源于(yu)武夷“正山小種(zhong)”而又有(you)所改進(jin),原料產(chan)地環境與(yu)茶樹(shu)品種(zhong)也與(yu)正山小種(zhong)有(you)所不(bu)同,因而形(xing)成自己的獨特風格。成品茶條索肥(fei)壯(zhuang)重(zhong)實、勻(yun)齊,色(se)(se)澤烏(wu)黑油潤,毫(hao)芽(ya)顯(xian)露金黃色(se)(se),頗為(wei)美觀;香氣濃郁芬芳,隱約之(zhi)間頗似紫羅蘭香氣,湯色(se)(se)紅艷,滋味醇厚(hou)。
(2)坦洋工夫
坦(tan)洋工夫(fu)是“閩紅(hong)”三大(da)功夫(fu)之一(yi),曾以產(chan)(chan)地分布最(zui)廣(guang),產(chan)(chan)量、出(chu)口量最(zui)多而名列“閩紅(hong)”之首。坦(tan)洋工夫(fu)分布較廣(guang),主產(chan)(chan)福安、拓榮(rong)、壽寧、周(zhou)寧、霞(xia)浦(pu)及屏南北部等地。有“紅(hong)衣佳(jia)人”美稱的坦(tan)洋工夫(fu)紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha),其外形條索,緊結圓直,色澤烏潤,茶(cha)(cha)毫細細,略顯金黃(huang),香(xiang)氣(qi)高(gao)爽,湯色明亮,滋味醇厚,適于(yu)清飲。也可調成(cheng)檸(ning)檬茶(cha)(cha)、奶茶(cha)(cha)、玫瑰紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha)、冰紅(hong)茶(cha)(cha),還可以用濃香(xiang)型的高(gao)度醇酒(jiu)調配成(cheng)奶酒(jiu)茶(cha)(cha)。
(3)白琳工夫
白(bai)琳工(gong)夫產(chan)于福鼎(ding)(ding)縣太(tai)姥山白(bai)琳、湖林一帶。以主(zhu)產(chan)地福鼎(ding)(ding)白(bai)琳命(ming)名(ming),其以高超的純手(shou)工(gong)制作技藝和(he)獨特、優秀的產(chan)質(zhi),其外形條索細長(chang)彎曲,茸毫多呈顆粒(li)絨(rong)球(qiu)狀,色(se)澤黃黑,內質(zhi)湯(tang)色(se)淺亮,香氣鮮(xian)純有毫香,味(wei)清鮮(xian)甜和(he),葉底鮮(xian)紅帶黃。曾與福安縣“坦洋工(gong)夫”,政和(he)縣“政和(he)工(gong)夫”并列為(wei)“閩(min)紅三大工(gong)夫茶”而馳名(ming)中外。
5、湖紅
主產湖(hu)南(nan)省安化(hua)、桃(tao)源、漣(lian)源、邵陽、平江(jiang)、瀏陽、長沙等(deng)縣市。湖(hu)紅工(gong)夫(fu)以(yi)安化(hua)工(gong)夫(fu)為代(dai)表,外形條索緊結尚(shang)肥實,香(xiang)氣(qi)高,滋味醇厚,湯色濃,葉底(di)紅稍暗。平江(jiang)工(gong)夫(fu)香(xiang)高,但欠勻凈。
6、越紅
越紅工夫系浙江省出產的工夫紅茶,以條索緊(jin)結(jie)挺(ting)直(zhi),得(de)實(shi)勻齊,鋒、苗、顯,凈度(du)高的(de)優美外形(xing)稱著。越紅工(gong)夫茶索緊(jin)細挺(ting)直(zhi),色澤烏潤,外形(xing)優美,內質香味(wei)純(chun)正,湯色紅亮較(jiao)淺,葉(xie)底稍暗(an)。越紅毫(hao)色銀白(bai)或灰白(bai)。
7、粵紅
粵紅工夫,產于廣東,最著名的產地是英德,又以英紅九號最為知名。它是(shi)英(ying)德紅茶(cha)和(he)阿薩姆(mu)種的(de)雜交產(chan)物,而(er)英(ying)德紅茶(cha),又(you)是(shi)云(yun)南大葉種和(he)廣東(dong)鳳凰單叢群體種的(de)交雜后(hou)代,所以英(ying)紅九號有大葉種茶(cha)的(de)特(te)點,滋味(wei)濃厚(hou),加了(le)糖和(he)奶后(hou),味(wei)道更佳。
8、蘇紅
江蘇紅茶,亦稱“蘇紅”、“宜興紅茶”,產于江蘇宜興,經常被誤稱為“宜紅”。宜興紅(hong)(hong)茶,采摘小葉種茶樹制作,條索(suo)緊結,色澤烏潤,湯色紅(hong)(hong)亮(liang),甜香芬芳,滋(zi)味醇(chun)厚,葉底紅(hong)(hong)亮(liang)多嫩莖(jing)。
9、川紅
川紅,產于四川省宜賓市等地,創制于20世紀50年代,比滇紅更晚。川紅問世以來,在國際市場(chang)上享(xiang)有(you)較高的(de)聲譽,多年(nian)來暢銷蘇聯、法國、英國、德國及羅馬尼亞等國,堪(kan)稱中國工夫紅茶的(de)后(hou)起之(zhi)秀。條索(suo)肥壯圓緊、顯金毫、色(se)(se)澤烏(wu)黑(hei)油潤、香氣清鮮(xian)帶枯(ku)糖香,滋味醇厚鮮(xian)爽,湯色(se)(se)濃亮,葉底厚軟紅勻。
10、宜紅
宜紅工夫,主產于湖北鄂西山區的宜昌、恩施兩地區,起源于19世紀中葉,至今有百余年歷史。條索緊細有毫,色(se)(se)澤烏(wu)潤,香氣(qi)甜純,滋味醇厚,湯色(se)(se)紅亮,葉(xie)底柔軟。宜(yi)紅工夫(fu),簡稱宜(yi)紅,容易混淆成江(jiang)蘇(su)宜(yi)興紅茶。