一、工夫紅茶有哪些品種
中國工夫紅茶品類多(duo)、產地廣。按地區命名的有(you)滇紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、祁門工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、浮(fu)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、寧紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、宜紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、湘江工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、閩紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)(含坦洋(yang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、白琳工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、政和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu))、川紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、越(yue)紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、臺灣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、江蘇工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)及粵紅(hong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)等(deng)。按品種又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)大葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)和小(xiao)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)。大葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)是以喬木(mu)或半(ban)喬木(mu)茶(cha)樹(shu)鮮葉制成;小(xiao)葉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)是以灌木(mu)型小(xiao)葉種茶(cha)樹(shu)鮮葉為(wei)(wei)原料制成的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)。
二、工夫紅茶的品質特征
工夫紅茶的品質特點是外形條索細緊,色澤烏潤。沖泡后,湯色、葉底紅亮,香氣馥郁,滋味甜醇。因采制地區不同,茶樹品種有異,制作技術不一,因而,又有祁紅、滇紅、寧紅、川紅、閩紅、湖紅、越紅之分,每種紅茶都有其獨特之處!
1、祁紅
祁(qi)門(men)(men)(men)紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha),中國歷史名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)。著(zhu)名(ming)紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)精品,簡稱祁(qi)紅(hong)(hong),產于安(an)徽省祁(qi)門(men)(men)(men)、東至、貴池、石臺、黟縣,以及江西(xi)的(de)浮梁一帶。“祁(qi)紅(hong)(hong)特(te)絕群芳最,清譽(yu)高(gao)香不二門(men)(men)(men)。”祁(qi)門(men)(men)(men)紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)中的(de)極品,享有盛譽(yu),是(shi)(shi)英國女王(wang)和王(wang)室的(de)至愛飲品,高(gao)香美(mei)譽(yu),香名(ming)遠播(bo),美(mei)稱“群芳最”、“紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)皇后”。
2、滇紅
滇(dian)紅(hong)茶是云南紅(hong)茶的統稱(cheng),分為滇(dian)紅(hong)工夫茶和滇(dian)紅(hong)碎茶兩種。
滇紅工夫:茶芽(ya)葉肥壯,金毫顯(xian)露,湯(tang)色紅艷,香氣(qi)高醇,滋味濃厚。
滇(dian)紅(hong)碎茶:又(you)稱滇(dian)紅(hong)分(fen)級茶,其(qi)外形均勻,色澤烏潤,滋味濃烈,香氣鮮銳,湯色紅(hong)亮。
3、寧紅
寧紅(hong)工夫茶(cha)我(wo)國(guo)獨(du)特(te)的傳統功夫茶(cha)之一。以其特(te)有的風格而(er)稱譽于世(shi),素以條索(suo)緊結(jie)秀麗、金毫顯露、鋒苗挺拔、色澤烏(wu)潤、香高持久、葉底紅(hong)亮、滋(zi)味濃薄和鮮爽而(er)馳名中(zhong)外。
4、閩紅
閩紅工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)系政和工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)、坦洋工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)和白琳工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)的(de)統(tong)稱,均系福建特(te)產(chan)。三種工(gong)夫(fu)(fu)茶(cha)產(chan)地不同、品(pin)種不同、品(pin)質風格不同,但各自擁有自己(ji)的(de)消費(fei)愛好者,盛興百年而不衰。
(1)政和工夫
政和(he)功夫(fu)是“閩紅(hong)”三大功夫(fu)之(zhi)一,政和(he)工夫(fu)產(chan)于(yu)閩北,以(yi)政和(he)縣(xian)為(wei)主,松溪(xi)以(yi)及浙江的(de)慶(qing)元地(di)區所產(chan)紅(hong)毛茶(cha),亦(yi)集(ji)中政和(he)加工。基本制法源于(yu)武夷“正山小(xiao)種(zhong)(zhong)”而又有所改進,原料(liao)產(chan)地(di)環境與茶(cha)樹品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)也與正山小(xiao)種(zhong)(zhong)有所不同,因而形成自己(ji)的(de)獨特風格。成品(pin)茶(cha)條索肥壯(zhuang)重(zhong)實、勻齊,色澤烏(wu)黑油潤,毫芽(ya)顯露金黃色,頗(po)為(wei)美觀;香氣(qi)(qi)濃郁芬芳,隱約之(zhi)間頗(po)似紫羅蘭香氣(qi)(qi),湯色紅(hong)艷,滋味醇厚。
(2)坦洋工夫
坦(tan)洋工夫是“閩紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”三大(da)功夫之一(yi),曾(ceng)以產地分布最廣(guang),產量、出口量最多而(er)名(ming)列“閩紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”之首(shou)。坦(tan)洋工夫分布較(jiao)廣(guang),主產福安、拓榮、壽(shou)寧、周寧、霞浦(pu)及屏南北部等地。有“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)衣佳(jia)人”美稱的坦(tan)洋工夫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha),其外形條索,緊結圓(yuan)直,色澤烏潤,茶(cha)(cha)毫細細,略顯金(jin)黃,香(xiang)氣高爽,湯色明亮,滋味(wei)醇厚,適于清飲。也可調成(cheng)檸(ning)檬茶(cha)(cha)、奶茶(cha)(cha)、玫瑰(gui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha)、冰(bing)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶(cha)(cha),還可以用濃香(xiang)型(xing)的高度(du)醇酒調配成(cheng)奶酒茶(cha)(cha)。
(3)白琳工夫
白(bai)琳(lin)(lin)(lin)工夫(fu)產(chan)于福鼎(ding)縣(xian)太(tai)姥山白(bai)琳(lin)(lin)(lin)、湖(hu)林一帶(dai)。以主產(chan)地(di)福鼎(ding)白(bai)琳(lin)(lin)(lin)命名,其(qi)以高超(chao)的(de)純手工制作(zuo)技藝和(he)獨特、優秀(xiu)的(de)產(chan)質,其(qi)外形條索細(xi)長彎曲,茸毫(hao)(hao)多呈顆(ke)粒絨球狀,色澤黃(huang)黑,內質湯色淺亮,香(xiang)氣鮮純有(you)毫(hao)(hao)香(xiang),味(wei)清鮮甜和(he),葉底鮮紅帶(dai)黃(huang)。曾與(yu)福安(an)縣(xian)“坦洋工夫(fu)”,政和(he)縣(xian)“政和(he)工夫(fu)”并列為“閩紅三大工夫(fu)茶”而馳名中外。
5、湖紅
主產湖南省安(an)化、桃源、漣(lian)源、邵(shao)陽(yang)、平江(jiang)、瀏陽(yang)、長沙等(deng)縣(xian)市。湖紅工夫(fu)以安(an)化工夫(fu)為代表(biao),外形條索緊(jin)結尚(shang)肥實,香氣(qi)高,滋味醇厚,湯色濃,葉底紅稍(shao)暗。平江(jiang)工夫(fu)香高,但欠(qian)勻凈(jing)。
6、越紅
越紅工夫系浙江省出產的工夫紅茶,以條索緊(jin)結挺直,得實勻齊,鋒、苗、顯,凈(jing)度(du)高的優美(mei)外(wai)形稱(cheng)著。越(yue)紅(hong)工夫(fu)茶索緊(jin)細挺直,色澤烏潤(run),外(wai)形優美(mei),內質香味純(chun)正,湯色紅(hong)亮較淺,葉底(di)稍暗。越(yue)紅(hong)毫色銀白(bai)(bai)或灰白(bai)(bai)。
7、粵紅
粵紅工夫,產于廣東,最著名的產地是英德,又以英紅九號最為知名。它是英德紅茶和阿薩姆種(zhong)(zhong)的雜交產物,而英德紅茶,又是云南大葉(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)和廣(guang)東鳳凰單叢群體(ti)種(zhong)(zhong)的交雜后代,所以(yi)英紅九號有大葉(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)茶的特點,滋(zi)味濃厚,加(jia)了糖和奶后,味道(dao)更佳。
8、蘇紅
江蘇紅茶,亦稱“蘇紅”、“宜興紅茶”,產于江蘇宜興,經常被誤稱為“宜紅”。宜興紅(hong)(hong)(hong)茶,采摘小葉種茶樹制作(zuo),條索緊結,色(se)澤烏潤(run),湯(tang)色(se)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)亮,甜香芬芳,滋味醇厚(hou),葉底紅(hong)(hong)(hong)亮多嫩莖。
9、川紅
川紅,產于四川省宜賓市等地,創制于20世紀50年代,比滇紅更晚。川紅問世以來,在(zai)國際市(shi)場(chang)上享有較高的(de)聲譽,多(duo)年來暢銷蘇(su)聯、法國、英國、德國及羅馬(ma)尼亞等國,堪稱中國工(gong)夫紅茶的(de)后起(qi)之秀。條索肥壯圓緊(jin)、顯金(jin)毫、色澤(ze)烏(wu)黑(hei)油潤、香氣清鮮帶枯糖(tang)香,滋(zi)味(wei)醇(chun)厚(hou)鮮爽,湯色濃亮,葉底厚(hou)軟紅勻(yun)。
10、宜紅
宜紅工夫,主產于湖北鄂西山區的宜昌、恩施兩地區,起源于19世紀中葉,至今有百余年歷史。條索緊細有(you)毫,色澤(ze)烏(wu)潤,香氣甜純,滋味醇厚,湯色紅亮,葉底柔軟(ruan)。宜紅(hong)工夫(fu),簡(jian)稱宜紅(hong),容易(yi)混淆(xiao)成江(jiang)蘇宜興紅(hong)茶。