江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)大樓是武漢(han)(han)市的(de)標(biao)志(zhi)性建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之一,位(wei)于江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)路和沿江(jiang)(jiang)大道(dao)的(de)交匯處,左側與沿江(jiang)(jiang)大道(dao)平行(xing)(xing),正(zheng)門朝(chao)東。1861年(nian),英(ying)(ying)(ying)國政府(fu)根(gen)據《中英(ying)(ying)(ying)天津(jin)條(tiao)約(yue)》第10款,迫(po)使清(qing)政府(fu)將(jiang)鎮江(jiang)(jiang)、九江(jiang)(jiang)、漢(han)(han)口(kou)辟(pi)為(wei)對外(wai)(wai)貿易(yi)口(kou)岸,并分設海關(guan)(guan)。漢(han)(han)口(kou)海關(guan)(guan)——江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)于1861年(nian)11月(yue)成(cheng)立(li)。1922年(nian)11月(yue)4日(ri),江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)成(cheng)立(li)60周年(nian)時(shi),該樓舉行(xing)(xing)奠基典禮(li),1924年(nian)1月(yue)21日(ri)落(luo)成(cheng)。共耗銀100萬兩,由(you)(you)英(ying)(ying)(ying)資(zi)思九生洋行(xing)(xing)設計(ji)并監督,上海魏(wei)清(qing)記營造廠承包。這幢4層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)海關(guan)(guan)大樓座(zuo)落(luo)在(zai)突(tu)出江(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)段,方(fang)(fang)便(bian)監視江(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)活動;同(tong)時(shi)巧妙地(di)(di)(di)構成(cheng)了這兩條(tiao)馬路的(de)對景。大樓占地(di)(di)(di)1499平方(fang)(fang)米(mi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積4009平方(fang)(fang)米(mi),總(zong)高(gao)(gao)度46.3米(mi),鐘(zhong)樓頂(ding)端高(gao)(gao)出地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)83.8米(mi),為(wei)武漢(han)(han)當(dang)時(shi)較高(gao)(gao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。由(you)(you)英(ying)(ying)(ying)國建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師景明設計(ji),恒紀(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公司承建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),1922年(nian)動工,1924年(nian)落(luo)成(cheng)。占地(di)(di)(di)1400平方(fang)(fang)米(mi),高(gao)(gao)約(yue)40米(mi),鐘(zhong)樓頂(ding)端高(gao)(gao)出地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)83.8米(mi)。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)具有(you)歐(ou)洲文藝復興時(shi)期的(de)流(liu)行(xing)(xing)風格。底層(ceng)(ceng)主體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)正(zheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)五層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構,外(wai)(wai)墻用(yong)麻石砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),底墻厚(hou)約(yue)1至(zhi)2米(mi),正(zheng)門有(you)兩人合抱的(de)麻石圓柱8根(gen),門前的(de)臺階(jie)有(you)23級,上面(mian)還有(you)漢(han)(han)白玉(yu)踏(ta)步5級;莊重雄偉。底層(ceng)(ceng)上為(wei)長方(fang)(fang)形(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。再(zai)上為(wei)因層(ceng)(ceng)20米(mi)高(gao)(gao)的(de)鐘(zhong)樓:底層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大鐘(zhong)擺砣室,二層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大鐘(zhong)機件室,三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大鐘(zhong)時(shi)針室,上層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)七個(ge)音(yin)階(jie)組成(cheng)的(de)音(yin)響室。
鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)的(de)四面(mian)都有直徑約4米的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)面(mian),針長1.7米。晴(qing)朗(lang)天氣(qi),十里以外(wai)可見。按刻(ke)(ke)奏樂(le)、按時打點的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲亦遠播數里,解放前所奏樂(le)曲為(wei)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)女(nv)王加(jia)冕(mian)時演(yan)奏的(de)《女(nv)王萬(wan)歲(sui)》 。在(zai)大樓(lou)的(de)奠基石上,也刻(ke)(ke)著(zhu)擔任我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)總稅務司職務的(de)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人安格聯的(de)名字。到處都打上了英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)殖民者迫使我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)開漢(han)口為(wei)商埠、并(bing)且牢(lao)牢(lao)控制我漢(han)口海關(guan)(當時稱江漢(han)關(guan))主權的(de)印記。解放后,人民政府接管了海關(guan),并(bing)且正式(shi)定名為(wei)武漢(han)關(guan),曾用《東方紅》樂(le)曲取代了《女(nv)王萬(wan)歲(sui)》。江漢(han)關(guan)大樓(lou)是武漢(han)海關(guan)辦(ban)公處所。
大(da)(da)樓臨(lin)江一(yi)側的(de)底層(ceng)外墻上(shang),嵌有三塊(kuai)銅(tong)牌(pai):一(yi)塊(kuai)是揚子江技術委員會標識的(de)武漢(han)海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du),字跡模(mo)糊、無法(fa)辨認;一(yi)塊(kuai)上(shang)刻(ke)“民(min)國廿年八月十(shi)九日(ri)大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)最高(gao)(gao)點53.65英(ying)尺”,這是當年漢(han)口(kou)被(bei)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)淹(yan)沒(mei)時(shi)的(de)最高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei);另(ling)一(yi)塊(kuai)上(shang)刻(ke)“1954年8月18日(ri)下(xia)午3時(shi),最高(gao)(gao)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)29.73米(以吳松為零(ling)點)”,是當年武漢(han)市水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局標記的(de)那次特大(da)(da)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)最高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)。在這座大(da)(da)樓建(jian)成以前,江漢(han)關署(shu)設(she)在今天津路下(xia)首市政協大(da)(da)樓之前的(de)英(ying)國領(ling)事館駐地。
大樓設計(ji)考(kao)慮了長江水(shui)位對建筑(zhu)的影響,其基礎高于長江平均洪(hong)水(shui)位標(biao)高,在1931年、1954年的兩次(ci)大水(shui)中(zhong),大樓受漬,而室內安然無恙。
大(da)樓(lou)(lou)的建(jian)(jian)筑風格屬于(yu)文藝復興式(shi)樣(yang),三(san)段式(shi)構(gou)圖,中部(bu)設(she)有(you)(you)典(dian)雅的鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou),鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)四面(mian)(mian)裝有(you)(you)直徑4米的時鐘(zhong),準點的鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)一直構(gou)成武漢城市(shi)生活的一部(bu)分。花崗巖外墻(qiang),堅固壯觀(guan),東、西、北三(san)個(ge)立面(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)均有(you)(you)花崗石柱廊(lang),采用科(ke)林斯(si)柱式(shi),北面(mian)(mian)的8根(gen)石柱直徑1.5米。江漢關大(da)樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)武漢古典(dian)復興風格的典(dian)范建(jian)(jian)筑。大(da)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)鋼筋混(hun)凝土結構(gou),主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)半地下室。鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)亦為(wei)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),頂端高出地面(mian)(mian)83.8米,在當時是(shi)武漢三(san)鎮的第二(er)高建(jian)(jian)筑。
大樓(lou)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)筋混凝土筏式基礎(chu)(chu)。以前武漢地區較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)大都是采用(yong)(yong)(yong)條石基礎(chu)(chu),自19世紀(ji)末水泥(ni)引進武漢,鋼(gang)筋混凝土亦相應引進以逐步取代條石基礎(chu)(chu)。外墻用(yong)(yong)(yong)花(hua)崗石壘砌,大樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東、西(xi)、北三(san)方均帶花(hua)崗石廊(lang)柱(zhu)(zhu),飾以變形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古典(dian)“科林斯”柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)。這些花(hua)崗石都是湖(hu)南(nan)出產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),上面(mian)刻(ke)有花(hua)紋線(xian)條,堅固而壯觀。尤其是面(mian)對(dui)租(zu)界區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8根廊(lang)柱(zhu)(zhu),高(gao)約(yue)10米(mi),直徑1.5米(mi),要兩(liang)個人才能合(he)抱過來。人們來到(dao)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)前,面(mian)對(dui)通向大門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)28級(ji)臺階和(he)并排而立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廊(lang)柱(zhu)(zhu),皆(jie)能感受到(dao)威嚴和(he)莊(zhuang)重。大樓(lou)立(li)面(mian)設計運用(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)段式構(gou)圖手法,利用(yong)(yong)(yong)鐘樓(lou)突出中心入口,表現古典(dian)主義風(feng)格(ge);墻面(mian)、山花(hua)、窗楣和(he)入口半圓形拱門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li),表現出西(xi)方文藝復興時典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。大樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后面(mian),則可見它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)面(mian)是開口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),使建筑(zhu)物呈三(san)合(he)院布局。這可能是設計時考慮到(dao)此面(mian)與(yu)舊市(shi)區接攘,如此設計更能顯(xian)出與(yu)周(zhou)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧(xie)。
這棟大樓從二層(ceng)到(dao)四層(ceng)都(dou)建有內廊,鏤空(kong)黑色鐵欄連接(jie)著(zhu)花崗石廊柱,剛與柔(rou)的反差(cha),粗與細的嵌合,可(ke)以說(shuo)是鬼(gui)斧(fu)神(shen)工。
江漢(han)關的鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)有20米(mi)高,也有4層(ceng)(ceng),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大鐘(zhong)(zhong)擺砣室,二層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大鐘(zhong)(zhong)機件(jian)室,三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大鐘(zhong)(zhong)時針室,上層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)7個(ge)(ge)音(yin)階(jie)組成的音(yin)響室。鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)內設(she)鋼梯,拾級而上,可直(zhi)達頂層(ceng)(ceng);鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)的外墻,四(si)面均嵌設(she)著巨(ju)大鐘(zhong)(zhong)面,直(zhi)徑逾3米(mi),針長1.7米(mi)。晴朗天氣(qi),十里以外可見。鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)上還設(she)有風向儀,中間鑲有一座鎏金英(ying)國(guo)帆船。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)設(she)計風格是英(ying)國(guo)特有的形式,典雅壯觀。
江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內有不(bu)同(tong)音(yin)(yin)階的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)鐘(zhong)7個,大(da)鐘(zhong)為(wei)美國蔡司(si)脫斯鐘(zhong)表公司(si)制造,大(da)鐘(zhong)運到(dao)武漢(han)(han)(han)(han)后(hou)(hou),由(you)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)口(kou)亨達利鐘(zhong)表行安裝。大(da)鐘(zhong)除報時外,每一刻(ke)鐘(zhong)還奏鳴(ming)一遍英國《威斯敏斯特(te)教堂(tang)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)旋(xuan)律。鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)洪亮,傳播力和(he)穿透力極強,即(ji)使在(zai)(zai)市面喧嚷時,方(fang)圓數里內亦可(ke)聞聽(ting)(ting);如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)夜深人(ren)靜時,三(san)(san)(san)鎮均(jun)可(ke)聽(ting)(ting)到(dao)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)樂和(he)鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)。在(zai)(zai)大(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)正面主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂端鑲(xiang)嵌著“江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)”三(san)(san)(san)個大(da)字(zi)(zi),鐵(tie)畫銀(yin)鉤,氣勢恢宏,頗(po)為(wei)壯觀。使大(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)此增輝。這三(san)(san)(san)個字(zi)(zi)出自曾任湖(hu)北省教育廳(ting)廳(ting)長、著名書法家(jia)宗彝(yi)之(zhi)手。宗彝(yi)初習顏(yan)柳,后(hou)(hou)摹魏碑(bei),善寫斗方(fang),筆力遒勁,人(ren)皆(jie)視其作品為(wei)墨寶。為(wei)寫江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)三(san)(san)(san)個字(zi)(zi),他數易其稿(gao),因為(wei)那時還是(shi)繁體字(zi)(zi),“江(jiang)”字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)筆劃少,“漢(han)(han)(han)(han)、關(guan)(guan)”兩(liang)字(zi)(zi)筆劃多,三(san)(san)(san)個字(zi)(zi)難以(yi)協調。但(dan)宗彝(yi)沒有被此難住,最后(hou)(hou)他一揮而就,為(wei)世人(ren)留(liu)下(xia)了千古之(zhi)作。為(wei)此三(san)(san)(san)字(zi)(zi),江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)贈他潤筆之(zhi)資紋銀(yin)500兩(liang)。足見其字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)份量(liang)與(yu)珍貴(gui)。江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選址可(ke)稱神來(lai)(lai)之(zhi)筆。它直(zhi)面江(jiang)水(shui),立于江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)路與(yu)沿江(jiang)大(da)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)交匯處(chu),鎮守于老租界區(qu)之(zhi)南端,可(ke)北視整個租界區(qu)及其所臨(lin)江(jiang)面,南望漢(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)入江(jiang)口(kou),甚(shen)至可(ke)以(yi)觀察到(dao)長江(jiang)和(he)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)航運動(dong)靜,可(ke)謂扼三(san)(san)(san)鎮兩(liang)江(jiang)航道之(zhi)咽喉(hou)。無論(lun)北來(lai)(lai)巨輪還是(shi)東進舟楫,都(dou)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)距武漢(han)(han)(han)(han)尚遠時,最先看到(dao)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)身影,聽(ting)(ting)到(dao)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)。江(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)作為(wei)一個時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表,聆聽(ting)(ting)過(guo)中(zhong)國人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)悲泣與(yu)歡歌(ge),見證(zheng)著中(zhong)華民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)興衰和(he)榮辱。
江(jiang)漢關大(da)(da)(da)樓著名的是它高聳的鐘(zhong)樓和大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)。大(da)(da)(da)樓安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)起步于19世紀下半葉,1893年竣工的教(jiao)堂式江(jiang)漢關大(da)(da)(da)樓上安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)了(le)一座(zuo)海關大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)。
為(wei)何安(an)裝(zhuang)大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)有幾種說法,其(qi)一,1893年建(jian)造(zao)的海(hai)關(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)是當時(shi)外(wai)灘較高(gao)(gao)建(jian)筑物,由吳淞(song)口(kou)駛入黃浦江(jiang)外(wai)國輪(lun)船,在(zai)很(hen)遠處就看到了(le)海(hai)關(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)并聽(ting)到了(le)鐘(zhong)聲,很(hen)快(kuai)將進港靠泊(bo)辦(ban)理船舶入境海(hai)關(guan)手續和裝(zhuang)卸進出口(kou)貨物,起到航標(biao)和燈塔作(zuo)用;其(qi)二,高(gao)(gao)聳的江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)和婉(wan)轉(zhuan)的鐘(zhong)聲給(gei)城(cheng)市帶來生活立體感節奏和旅(lv)游景致的點綴;其(qi)三,江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)安(an)裝(zhuang)大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)有其(qi)歷(li)史原因和海(hai)關(guan)自身業務工(gong)作(zuo)的需(xu)要(yao)。
從(cong)19世(shi)(shi)紀開(kai)始,海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)學習西方(fang)國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)以(yi)天數計算船(chuan)(chuan)舶噸(dun)稅辦法,超(chao)過(guo)夜(ye)里(li)12點(dian)(dian)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)另(ling)加1天,由于進(jin)出(chu)口船(chuan)(chuan)舶來自世(shi)(shi)界(jie)各地,船(chuan)(chuan)舶自備時(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)誤差(cha)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),經常引(yin)起(qi)(qi)爭議,為(wei)了(le)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)報(bao)時(shi)(shi),皆以(yi)海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)敲(qiao)點(dian)(dian)為(wei)準,1893年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)已安(an)裝大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此后建(jian)(jian)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粵海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)、潮(chao)海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)等大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)也(ye)都安(an)裝大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)武(wu)漢(han)投資430萬兩白(bai)銀(yin)建(jian)(jian)造新大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)(shi),稅務司和海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)監督(du)決心(xin)重(zhong)造一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、世(shi)(shi)界(jie)聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)后,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)成。海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由英國(guo)(guo)Whitchurch公(gong)司設計制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造,總造價(jia)為(wei)5000多(duo)兩白(bai)銀(yin),1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成,同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月從(cong)倫敦運到上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai),原包裝木箱(xiang)連(lian)同(tong)(tong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共重(zhong)6.25噸(dun),把6噸(dun)多(duo)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)木箱(xiang)吊(diao)到72米(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)(shi),外(wai)灘馬路行人都停(ting)步觀望之吊(diao)裝奇(qi)景。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)元旦敲(qiao)響(xiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,逢刻(ke)“奏威斯敏斯特樂曲”。這座大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),亞洲名(ming)列(lie)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi),世(shi)(shi)界(jie)名(ming)列(lie)第(di)三。海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂部為(wei)逐級收攏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四面(mian)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),每(mei)(mei)日準確、悠揚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)時(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲使之與南側原匯豐(feng)銀(yin)行大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)成為(wei)當時(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代外(wai)灘建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)旗桿位置北緯31°14’20.38,東經121°29’0.02,成為(wei)20世(shi)(shi)紀20年(nian)(nian)(nian)代上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)地理位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志點(dian)(dian),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)是外(wai)灘建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)高、氣派較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)分(fen)機(ji)芯房、銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)座、旗桿臺(tai)三層(ceng)。機(ji)芯房是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)臟部分(fen),成百上(shang)(shang)千個(ge)(ge)(ge)齒輪互(hu)相咬合,直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)超(chao)過(guo)12mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼絲(si)(si)繩代替了(le)普通鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)中(zhong)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼絲(si)(si)。鋼絲(si)(si)繩下(xia)面(mian)連(lian)著(zhu)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺(bai),一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)敲(qiao)正點(dian)(dian),一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)走時(shi)(shi),另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)報(bao)刻(ke),最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺(bai)重(zhong)達1噸(dun)多(duo)。四周四個(ge)(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian),每(mei)(mei)面(mian)都用(yong)100多(duo)塊0.3-1米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乳白(bai)色鋼化玻璃(li)拼成。根據(ju)資料顯示,這種(zhong)玻璃(li)是特制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),當時(shi)(shi)只(zhi)有德國(guo)(guo)等極(ji)少數國(guo)(guo)家才能研制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(現(xian)今中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)也(ye)能制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造這種(zhong)玻璃(li)了(le))。每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)5.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),裝有自動(dong)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)燈(deng)72盞,晚(wan)上(shang)(shang)通體(ti)明(ming)亮,碩大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字在幾里(li)外(wai)也(ye)清晰可見。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)分(fen)針(zhen)長(chang)(chang)3.17米(mi)(mi)(mi),重(zhong)49公(gong)斤;紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)針(zhen)長(chang)(chang)2.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),重(zhong)37.5公(gong)斤。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)條(tiao)用(yong)0.01米(mi)(mi)(mi)粗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼絲(si)(si)組(zu)絞,長(chang)(chang)156米(mi)(mi)(mi)。每(mei)(mei)周開(kai)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)條(tiao)3次,每(mei)(mei)次要4人操作1小時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右才能完成(現(xian)已改為(wei)電(dian)動(dong))。機(ji)器房的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)有1口大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、4口小鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)15分(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),4口小鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)響(xiang)起(qi)(qi)叮(ding)咚叮(ding)鐺之聲,每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)1小時(shi)(shi),1個(ge)(ge)(ge)135公(gong)斤重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)銅(tong)(tong)錘便敲(qiao)擊幾噸(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),發(fa)(fa)出(chu)雄(xiong)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲響(xiang),持續10秒左(zuo)右。
1928年1月1日(ri)凌晨1點(dian),海關(guan)大鐘(zhong)敲(qiao)響(xiang)了(le)第一(yi)聲(sheng),一(yi)直以英(ying)國(guo)皇家名曲(qu)《威斯(si)(si)(si)敏斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)教(jiao)堂(tang)》報刻。武漢市政府決定必須進行“改(gai)(gai)裝(zhuang)”。于是鐘(zhong)面的(de)(de)中心部分從(cong)4只(zhi)圓圈(quan)玻璃(li)圖(tu)案變(bian)成了(le)“金黃色的(de)(de)向(xiang)日(ri)葵”,報刻的(de)(de)《威斯(si)(si)(si)敏斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)教(jiao)堂(tang)》,改(gai)(gai)為(wei)電(dian)子打點(dian)和(he)奏樂,鐘(zhong)鈴端(duan)每(mei)邊置放(fang)12只(zhi)擴(kuo)(kuo)音器,四面共放(fang)48只(zhi)擴(kuo)(kuo)音器,按時向(xiang)全(quan)市播放(fang)。1986年10月英(ying)國(guo)女皇伊(yi)麗(li)沙白二世來訪(fang),經(jing)批準,決定將(jiang)海關(guan)鐘(zhong)樓恢復(fu)原狀,又(you)從(cong)國(guo)外進口了(le)相同的(de)(de)玻璃(li)。滬(hu)東(dong)造船廠特(te)地趕(gan)制了(le)大鐘(zhong)里面的(de)(de)鐵框架,專(zhuan)供拼(pin)裝(zhuang)一(yi)塊塊玻璃(li)之(zhi)用(yong),鐘(zhong)面恢復(fu)原狀,機械打點(dian)也(ye)恢復(fu),,海關(guan)鐘(zhong)樓又(you)響(xiang)起了(le)《威斯(si)(si)(si)敏斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)教(jiao)堂(tang)》樂曲(qu)。
最早的(de)(de)江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)大樓是(shi)1845年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de),被稱為(wei)“新關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“新北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”,也稱“江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”。江(jiang)海北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一幢(chuang)典型的(de)(de)中國(guo)官(guan)衙式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)平面(mian)(mian)呈凹(ao)字形(xing)(xing),三進樓房,正(zheng)檐翹角(jiao),歇山頂(ding),屋面(mian)(mian)上(shang)有(you)一座小閣。大門為(wei)牌樓式,門楣上(shang)書“江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”4個字。據說,該字出于(yu)兩(liang)江(jiang)總督怡良之手筆(bi)。到19世紀80一90年(nian)(nian)代,外(wai)灘的(de)(de)原(yuan)有(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大多(duo)被翻(fan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)和重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。“江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”與四周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)相比(bi),顯(xian)得(de)寒(han)酸。1891年(nian)(nian),江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)大樓已由英國(guo)人赫德掌權,所以請(qing)英國(guo)工程師設計(ji),由浦東人楊斯盛的(de)(de)營(ying)造廠(chang)承建(jian)(jian)(jian),于(yu)1893年(nian)(nian)上(shang)海開埠(bu)50周(zhou)(zhou)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)落(luo)成(cheng)(cheng)。新江(jiang)海北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)沿用(yong)了舊址的(de)(de)基(ji)礎,平面(mian)(mian)與舊關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)基(ji)本相近,為(wei)凹(ao)字形(xing)(xing),磚(zhuan)木結構(gou)(gou),中間有(you)6層(ceng)高的(de)(de)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)鐘樓,鐘樓南北(bei)兩(liang)邊(bian)各(ge)(ge)有(you)假(jia)4層(ceng)樓房相對,大門兩(liang)旁圍墻上(shang)加鐵(tie)欄桿。1925年(nian)(nian),新的(de)(de)江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)再一次重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian),請(qing)匯(hui)豐(feng)銀行的(de)(de)設計(ji)者(zhe)威爾遜設計(ji),是(shi)年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)奠基(ji),至1927年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)9日(ri)落(luo)成(cheng)(cheng)。大樓占地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)5722平方(fang)米(mi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)32680平方(fang)米(mi)。大樓分東、西(xi)兩(liang)部分,東部面(mian)(mian)對長江(jiang),高11層(ceng),主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)8層(ceng),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)3層(ceng)高的(de)(de)四面(mian)(mian)鐘樓;西(xi)部直達四川(chuan)中路,高5層(ceng),鋼(gang)框(kuang)架結構(gou)(gou),底層(ceng)外(wai)墻用(yong)花崗石(shi)(shi)寬縫(feng)砌(qi)就(jiu),其他各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)用(yong)金(jin)山石(shi)(shi)貼面(mian)(mian)。大門的(de)(de)設計(ji)為(wei)古希(xi)臘神(shen)廟形(xing)(xing)式,4根經典的(de)(de)希(xi)臘多(duo)立(li)克柱支撐起龐大的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),柱子上(shang)端為(wei)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),雕刻花紋,給人以神(shen)圣(sheng)不可侵犯的(de)(de)感覺。