小西湖北岸的挹(yi)清(qing)堂,位于南北景觀主軸線(xian)上,是可園(yuan)的主廳之一,堂前池水清(qing)浤可挹(yi),故而起名挹(yi)清(qing)堂。挹(yi)清(qing)堂古時為書院掌教接待(dai)客人的場所。
博約樓(lou)(lou)原(yuan)為祭祀和(he)藏書(shu)之地(di),是(shi)一座較為典(dian)型(xing)的藏書(shu)樓(lou)(lou)。博約樓(lou)(lou)底層兩廂房恢復古時陳設,分別供奉(feng)東漢經濟(ji)大師鄭玄和(he)宋(song)代理學家朱熹畫像。
學古堂為(wei)書(shu)院掌教與同行、學員(yuan)探討學問的地方(fang)。堂前遍植梅花,舊時(shi)曾有(you)古梅“鐵骨紅”,有(you)“江南第一枝”之譽。屏風前設有(you)一個宋(song)式長塌,周圍布置鼓凳、書(shu)籍,營(ying)造的是古代老師坐在(zai)塌上授課時(shi)的生(sheng)動(dong)場景。
地址:姑蘇區(qu)人民路(lu)708號(hao)(近滄(cang)浪(lang)亭)。
地鐵4號線三(san)元坊站(zhan)可到達。
可園和滄浪亭僅(jin)一橋之隔,出售聯票(piao),成人40一張(zhang)。單張(zhang)可園票(piao)成人25一張(zhang)。
五代末年(nian),此(ci)(ci)(ci)處(chu)是吳越(yue)國廣陵王錢元璙近戚(qi)中吳軍節度使孫(sun)承(cheng)佑(you)別(bie)墅一(yi)隅,后漸廢。北宋(song)時(shi)系(xi)滄(cang)(cang)(cang)浪(lang)(lang)亭(ting)的(de)一(yi)部分(fen),南宋(song)時(shi)韓世忠居滄(cang)(cang)(cang)浪(lang)(lang)亭(ting)時(shi),辟(pi)其址為(wei)(wei)(wei)宅(zhai)院(yuan),增修(xiu)擴(kuo)建,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“韓園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”宅(zhai)邸。清乾(qian)隆(long)三(san)十二年(nian)(1767年(nian)),巡撫沈德潛(qian)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)重筑園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林,名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“近山(shan)林”。再取“仁(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)樂(le)山(shan),智者(zhe)(zhe)樂(le)水”之(zhi)意,又名“樂(le)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。樂(le)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建成(cheng)后,其東面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)誼(yi)書院(yuan),西(xi)面(mian)是沈氏(shi)宗祠(ci)和宅(zhai)院(yuan),三(san)部分(fen)實為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體。沈德潛(qian)曾讀書于此(ci)(ci)(ci)。有人(ren)曾誤以為(wei)(wei)(wei)是“行(xing)樂(le)”之(zhi)樂(le),乾(qian)隆(long)間大吏說(shuo)是“行(xing)樂(le)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)訓也(ye)(ye)”。道光七年(nian)(1827年(nian)),布政使、江蘇巡撫梁章鉅重加修(xiu)葺(qi),劃歸(gui)正(zheng)誼(yi)書院(yuan),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)書院(yuan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林,易名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“可(ke)(ke)(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。當時(shi)占地20余畝,有挹清堂、坐春(chun)艫、濯纓(ying)處(chu)等景點。涇縣朱(zhu)珔來主(zhu)正(zheng)誼(yi)書院(yuan)講(jiang)席,他在(zai)《可(ke)(ke)(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)記》寫道:“園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)堂,深廣可(ke)(ke)(ke)容,堂前池(chi)水,清法可(ke)(ke)(ke)絕故顏,堂曰(yue)艷清。池(chi)畝許(xu),蓄(xu)倏魚可(ke)(ke)(ke)觀(guan),兼可(ke)(ke)(ke)種荷,緣(yuan)崖磊石(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)憩.左(zuo)平臺臨池(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)釣(diao),右亭(ting)作舟形曰(yue)坐春(chun)舫,可(ke)(ke)(ke)風,可(ke)(ke)(ke)觀(guan)月,四周廊龐可(ke)(ke)(ke)步,出(chu)廊數武(wu)屋三(san)楹,冬日可(ke)(ke)(ke)延客,曰(yue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)纓(ying)處(chu),舊園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外隔溪即滄(cang)(cang)(cang)浪(lang)(lang)亭(ting),故援孺子之(zhi)歌,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以灌(guan)(guan)(guan)纓(ying)也(ye)(ye)。”由此(ci)(ci)(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)見,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)址與滄(cang)(cang)(cang)浪(lang)(lang)亭(ting)同源(yuan),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名也(ye)(ye)與滄(cang)(cang)(cang)浪(lang)(lang)亭(ting)同源(yuan),取自《孟子》“滄(cang)(cang)(cang)浪(lang)(lang)之(zhi)水清兮(xi),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以灌(guan)(guan)(guan)我纓(ying)”之(zhi)句。林則徐任江蘇巡撫時(shi)也(ye)(ye)曾在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內講(jiang)學。
咸豐(feng)、同(tong)(tong)治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,可(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)受(shou)到兵火破(po)壞。光緒十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1888年(nian)(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)蘇布政(zheng)使黃彭年(nian)(nian)(nian)重修,成立(li)(li)“學(xue)(xue)古(gu)堂”,建“博約樓(lou)”,藏書八萬卷。園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)增植梅(mei)樹逾百(bai)。“鐵(tie)骨(gu)(gu)紅”古(gu)梅(mei)有(you)“江(jiang)南(nan)第一枝(zhi)(zhi)”之譽(yu)(yu)。光緒三(san)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)),清(qing)政(zheng)府在洋務(wu)派主持下(xia)宣布全(quan)面廢除科舉(ju)制度,并先(xian)后頒布《鼓(gu)勵游(you)學(xue)(xue)畢業生(sheng)章(zhang)程》和(he)《考(kao)驗(yan)游(you)學(xue)(xue)畢業生(sheng)章(zhang)程》,使留學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可(ke)經過考(kao)核獲得(de)等(deng)同(tong)(tong)科舉(ju)的仕(shi)途出身。江(jiang)蘇巡(xun)撫陸(lu)元(yuan)鼎停辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)古(gu)堂,改設游(you)學(xue)(xue)預備(bei)科,作為(wei)(wei)本地(di)選送出國(guo)留學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的專門機構;并于當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)選送6名公費生(sheng)赴英國(guo)留學(xue)(xue)。光緒三(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1907年(nian)(nian)(nian)),又改為(wei)(wei)存古(gu)學(xue)(xue)堂。辛(xin)亥(hai)革命(ming)時期,張(zhang)默君(jun)女士(shi)在此(ci)(ci)創辦(ban)《大漢報》。1914年(nian)(nian)(nian),設江(jiang)蘇省立(li)(li)蘇州(zhou)圖書館(guan)于此(ci)(ci),“挹(yi)清(qing)堂”為(wei)(wei)閱(yue)報室,“濯纓處”則為(wei)(wei)兒童閱(yue)覽室。園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)植梅(mei)百(bai)余(yu)株(zhu),紅白綠色俱(ju)備(bei),其中(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)梅(mei)“鐵(tie)骨(gu)(gu)紅”傳為(wei)(wei)黃彭年(nian)(nian)(nian)辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)古(gu)堂時植,有(you)“江(jiang)南(nan)第一枝(zhi)(zhi)”之譽(yu)(yu)。民國(guo)二十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian),舉(ju)辦(ban)“梅(mei)展(zhan)”,張(zhang)默君(jun)重來故地(di)。與邵元(yuan)沖、湯國(guo)梨(li)等(deng)步韻唱和(he),傳誦一時。抗日戰爭勝利后仍荷花滿池,梅(mei)林書樓(lou),相互掩映。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian),可(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)蘇南(nan)工業專科學(xue)(xue)校辦(ban)公及(ji)師生(sheng)療(liao)養用,1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)后為(wei)(wei)蘇州(zhou)醫學(xue)(xue)院使用。因地(di)勢(shi)頗低,每逢(feng)臺風(feng)暴(bao)雨(yu),積水受(shou)淹,“鐵(tie)骨(gu)(gu)紅”梅(mei)等(deng)古(gu)樹于50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代陸(lu)續(xu)枯死。園(yuan)(yuan)內建筑也年(nian)(nian)(nian)久(jiu)失修。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian),園(yuan)(yuan)被列為(wei)(wei)蘇州(zhou)市(shi)級文物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei),醫學(xue)(xue)院曾撥款修繕。如今的可(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)歸蘇州(zhou)大學(xue)(xue)管理(li),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華預防醫學(xue)(xue)會自(zi)由(you)基預防醫學(xue)(xue)專業委員(yuan)會常(chang)委會辦(ban)公場所,也是(shi)一個(ge)愛國(guo)主義(yi)教(jiao)育的基地(di)。