小西(xi)湖(hu)北岸的挹清堂,位于南北景觀主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)線上,是可園的主(zhu)(zhu)廳之(zhi)一,堂前池水(shui)清浤可挹,故而起名挹清堂。挹清堂古時(shi)為(wei)書(shu)院掌(zhang)教接待客人的場(chang)所。
博約(yue)樓(lou)原(yuan)為(wei)祭祀和藏(zang)書(shu)之地,是一座較為(wei)典型(xing)的藏(zang)書(shu)樓(lou)。博約(yue)樓(lou)底層兩廂房(fang)恢復(fu)古時陳設,分別供奉東漢經濟大師鄭玄和宋代理學家(jia)朱熹畫像。
學古(gu)堂為書院掌教與同行(xing)、學員探討學問的地方。堂前(qian)遍植梅(mei)花,舊時曾有(you)古(gu)梅(mei)“鐵骨紅(hong)”,有(you)“江南(nan)第一(yi)(yi)枝(zhi)”之(zhi)譽。屏風前(qian)設有(you)一(yi)(yi)個宋式長塌(ta),周圍(wei)布置鼓凳、書籍(ji),營造的是古(gu)代(dai)老師坐(zuo)在塌(ta)上授課時的生動場景(jing)。
地址:姑蘇區人(ren)民路708號(近(jin)滄浪亭(ting))。
地鐵4號線三(san)元(yuan)坊站可到達(da)。
可(ke)園和滄浪亭(ting)僅一橋之隔,出(chu)售聯票,成(cheng)人40一張。單張可(ke)園票成(cheng)人25一張。
五代末年(nian)(nian),此(ci)處是吳越國廣(guang)(guang)陵(ling)王錢(qian)元璙(liao)近(jin)(jin)戚中吳軍節(jie)度使孫(sun)承佑別墅一隅,后(hou)漸廢。北宋(song)時(shi)系(xi)滄(cang)浪(lang)亭的一部分,南宋(song)時(shi)韓(han)世忠居滄(cang)浪(lang)亭時(shi),辟其址為宅(zhai)院(yuan)(yuan),增(zeng)修擴建(jian),成為“韓(han)園(yuan)(yuan)”宅(zhai)邸。清(qing)乾隆三十二年(nian)(nian)(1767年(nian)(nian)),巡(xun)撫沈(shen)德(de)潛(qian)在(zai)此(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)筑園(yuan)(yuan)林,名為“近(jin)(jin)山(shan)林”。再取(qu)(qu)“仁者樂山(shan),智者樂水”之意(yi),又名“樂園(yuan)(yuan)”。樂園(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)成后(hou),其東面為正誼(yi)書院(yuan)(yuan),西(xi)面是沈(shen)氏(shi)宗祠和宅(zhai)院(yuan)(yuan),三部分實為一體。沈(shen)德(de)潛(qian)曾讀書于此(ci)。有人(ren)曾誤以(yi)為是“行(xing)樂”之樂,乾隆間大(da)吏(li)說是“行(xing)樂不可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)訓也(ye)”。道光七年(nian)(nian)(1827年(nian)(nian)),布(bu)政使、江蘇(su)巡(xun)撫梁章鉅重(zhong)(zhong)加修葺,劃歸正誼(yi)書院(yuan)(yuan),成為書院(yuan)(yuan)園(yuan)(yuan)林,易名為“可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)”。當時(shi)占地20余畝(mu),有挹清(qing)堂(tang)、坐春(chun)艫、濯(zhuo)纓處等景點。涇縣(xian)朱(zhu)珔來主正誼(yi)書院(yuan)(yuan)講席(xi),他在(zai)《可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)園(yuan)(yuan)記(ji)》寫道:“園(yuan)(yuan)之堂(tang),深廣(guang)(guang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)容(rong),堂(tang)前池水,清(qing)法可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)絕故(gu)顏(yan),堂(tang)曰艷清(qing)。池畝(mu)許,蓄倏(shu)魚可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)觀,兼可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)種荷,緣(yuan)崖磊石(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)憩.左平臺(tai)臨池可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)釣,右亭作舟形曰坐春(chun)舫,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)風,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)觀月,四周廊龐可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)步,出廊數武屋三楹,冬(dong)日可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)延客,曰灌纓處,舊園(yuan)(yuan)外隔溪即滄(cang)浪(lang)亭,故(gu)援孺子(zi)之歌(ge),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)灌纓也(ye)。”由此(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見,園(yuan)(yuan)址與滄(cang)浪(lang)亭同源,園(yuan)(yuan)名也(ye)與滄(cang)浪(lang)亭同源,取(qu)(qu)自(zi)《孟子(zi)》“滄(cang)浪(lang)之水清(qing)兮,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)灌我(wo)纓”之句。林則徐任江蘇(su)巡(xun)撫時(shi)也(ye)曾在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)講學。
咸(xian)豐、同(tong)治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,可(ke)園受(shou)到兵火(huo)破壞。光(guang)緒十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1888年(nian)(nian)(nian)),江蘇布(bu)政使(shi)(shi)黃彭年(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu),成立“學(xue)古(gu)(gu)堂(tang)”,建“博約樓(lou)”,藏書八萬卷。園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)增植梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹逾百。“鐵骨紅(hong)(hong)”古(gu)(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)有“江南第一枝”之(zhi)譽。光(guang)緒三(san)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)),清政府在(zai)洋(yang)務派主持(chi)下宣布(bu)全面廢除(chu)科舉(ju)制度,并先后(hou)頒布(bu)《鼓勵游學(xue)畢業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)章程(cheng)》和(he)《考驗游學(xue)畢業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)章程(cheng)》,使(shi)(shi)留(liu)(liu)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)經(jing)過考核(he)獲(huo)得等同(tong)科舉(ju)的(de)仕途出身。江蘇巡撫陸元(yuan)鼎(ding)停辦(ban)(ban)(ban)學(xue)古(gu)(gu)堂(tang),改(gai)設(she)游學(xue)預(yu)備科,作為(wei)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)選送(song)(song)出國(guo)留(liu)(liu)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)專門(men)機構;并于(yu)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)選送(song)(song)6名(ming)公(gong)費生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)赴英國(guo)留(liu)(liu)學(xue)。光(guang)緒三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1907年(nian)(nian)(nian)),又(you)改(gai)為(wei)存古(gu)(gu)學(xue)堂(tang)。辛亥革命時(shi)(shi)期,張(zhang)默(mo)君女士在(zai)此創辦(ban)(ban)(ban)《大漢(han)報》。1914年(nian)(nian)(nian),設(she)江蘇省立蘇州(zhou)圖書館于(yu)此,“挹清堂(tang)”為(wei)閱報室(shi),“濯纓處”則為(wei)兒童閱覽(lan)室(shi)。園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)百余株,紅(hong)(hong)白綠色俱(ju)備,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)“鐵骨紅(hong)(hong)”傳為(wei)黃彭年(nian)(nian)(nian)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)學(xue)古(gu)(gu)堂(tang)時(shi)(shi)植,有“江南第一枝”之(zhi)譽。民國(guo)二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian),舉(ju)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)“梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)展”,張(zhang)默(mo)君重來故地(di)(di)(di)(di)。與邵元(yuan)沖、湯國(guo)梨(li)等步韻唱和(he),傳誦一時(shi)(shi)。抗日戰爭勝利后(hou)仍荷花(hua)滿(man)池,梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)林書樓(lou),相互掩映。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian),可(ke)園為(wei)蘇南工(gong)業專科學(xue)校辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)及師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)療養用(yong),1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)為(wei)蘇州(zhou)醫學(xue)院(yuan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)頗低,每逢臺(tai)風暴雨,積水受(shou)淹,“鐵骨紅(hong)(hong)”梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)等古(gu)(gu)樹于(yu)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代陸續枯(ku)死。園內建筑也年(nian)(nian)(nian)久失修(xiu)。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian),園被列為(wei)蘇州(zhou)市(shi)級(ji)文物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei),醫學(xue)院(yuan)曾(ceng)撥款修(xiu)繕。如今(jin)的(de)可(ke)園歸蘇州(zhou)大學(xue)管理,是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華預(yu)防醫學(xue)會自由基(ji)預(yu)防醫學(xue)專業委員會常委會辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)場所,也是一個愛國(guo)主義教育的(de)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。