遺跡簡介
明北(bei)京城墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)是市級文物保護單位(wei)。位(wei)于西二(er)環(huan)路南(nan)端,東(dong)南(nan)角樓以西。
遺跡來源
明北京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)址建于明正統四(si)年(1439年),此處(chu)遺(yi)(yi)址是(shi)(shi)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。北京(jing)原有4道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),為紫禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西(xi)(xi)便門(men)是(shi)(shi)屬于外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)段的(de)(de)(de)一部分,建于1553年。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)已拆(chai)除。這段城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)是(shi)(shi)1988年在原古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址基礎上修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)。因年久失修,逐漸傾塌(ta),“文革”中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚大(da)部被(bei)拆(chai)除,僅留100余米長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)殘跡。連(lian)接角(jiao)樓的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)余米城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)于1981年修葺,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上重建硬山頂灰筒瓦卷棚(peng)頂鋪房3間。1987年市(shi)文物局與西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區政府撥(bo)款150萬元,拆(chai)遷違章(zhang)建筑和臨時住戶(hu),修復(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),保留7處(chu)斷面(mian)遺(yi)(yi)跡,并(bing)修復(fu)了舊樓,改造周圍環境并(bing)進行綠化美(mei)化,使(shi)之成(cheng)為現代文明、古代文化交融的(de)(de)(de)北京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中又一處(chu)景觀(guan)。
遺跡維護
修(xiu)復后全長(chang)(chang)約(yue)500米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)內(nei)(nei)外壁為(wei)下石(shi)上磚(zhuan),內(nei)(nei)為(wei)土心(xin)。墻(qiang)基厚(hou)18.08米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)體高10.72米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂寬15.2米(mi)(mi),雉(zhi)堞高約(yue)1.8米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)外側(ce)圍(wei)筑(zhu)“馬(ma)面”,上建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垛,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)內(nei)(nei)沿筑(zhu)宇墻(qiang)。“馬(ma)面”是凸出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外側(ce)的(de)墩臺,一般長(chang)(chang)14米(mi)(mi),寬13米(mi)(mi),間(jian)距80~90米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)上有硬(ying)山頂鋪房,供(gong)守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)士(shi)兵休息和存放(fang)武器之用;城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)有可供(gong)上下的(de)馬(ma)道。2003年(nian)建成明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址公園;