遺跡簡介
明北京城墻遺址是市級文物保護單位。位于西(xi)(xi)二環(huan)路南(nan)端,東南(nan)角樓(lou)以西(xi)(xi)。
遺跡來源
明北京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)址建于明正(zheng)統四(si)年(nian)(1439年(nian)),此處(chu)遺(yi)址是(shi)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)垣。北京(jing)(jing)原有4道城(cheng)(cheng)墻,為紫禁城(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)。西(xi)(xi)便(bian)門是(shi)屬于外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)段的(de)(de)一(yi)部分,建于1553年(nian)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)均已拆除。這段城(cheng)(cheng)墻是(shi)1988年(nian)在原古城(cheng)(cheng)址基(ji)礎上修復的(de)(de)。因年(nian)久失(shi)修,逐漸傾塌,“文(wen)革(ge)”中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)磚大部被拆除,僅(jin)留100余米長的(de)(de)殘跡。連接角(jiao)樓的(de)(de)百余米城(cheng)(cheng)墻于1981年(nian)修葺,城(cheng)(cheng)垣上重建硬山頂灰(hui)筒瓦(wa)卷棚(peng)頂鋪房3間(jian)。1987年(nian)市文(wen)物局與西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)政府撥款150萬(wan)元,拆遷違章建筑(zhu)和(he)臨時住(zhu)戶,修復城(cheng)(cheng)墻,保留7處(chu)斷面遺(yi)跡,并(bing)修復了舊樓,改造周圍環境并(bing)進行綠化美化,使之成為現(xian)代文(wen)明、古代文(wen)化交融(rong)的(de)(de)北京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)又一(yi)處(chu)景觀。
遺跡維護
修復后全長(chang)約(yue)500米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻內外壁為下石上磚,內為土(tu)心。墻基厚18.08米(mi)(mi),墻體高(gao)10.72米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂寬15.2米(mi)(mi),雉(zhi)堞高(gao)約(yue)1.8米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣外側(ce)圍筑(zhu)“馬面”,上建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垛,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣內沿筑(zhu)宇墻。“馬面”是凸出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外側(ce)的墩(dun)臺,一(yi)般長(chang)14米(mi)(mi),寬13米(mi)(mi),間距80~90米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上有(you)硬山頂鋪房,供守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)士兵休(xiu)息和存放武器之(zhi)用;城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣內側(ce)有(you)可供上下的馬道。2003年建成明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺址(zhi)公園;