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遺跡簡介

明北京城墻遺(yi)址(zhi)是市級文物保護單位(wei)。位(wei)于西二環路南端，東南角樓以西。

遺跡來源

明(ming)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)(yi)址建(jian)于明(ming)正統四(si)年（1439年），此處(chu)遺(yi)(yi)址是內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的西南角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。北(bei)京(jing)(jing)原有4道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，為紫禁(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西便門是屬于外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西段(duan)(duan)的一(yi)部分，建(jian)于1553年。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均已拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)。這(zhe)段(duan)(duan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻是1988年在原古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址基礎上(shang)修復的。因年久失修，逐漸傾(qing)塌，“文(wen)(wen)革”中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚大部被拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)，僅留(liu)100余米長的殘跡。連接角樓(lou)(lou)的百(bai)余米城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻于1981年修葺(qi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上(shang)重(zhong)建(jian)硬山(shan)頂(ding)灰筒瓦卷(juan)棚頂(ding)鋪房(fang)3間。1987年市文(wen)(wen)物局與西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區政府撥款150萬元，拆(chai)(chai)遷違章建(jian)筑和臨時住(zhu)戶，修復城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，保(bao)留(liu)7處(chu)斷(duan)面(mian)遺(yi)(yi)跡，并(bing)修復了舊(jiu)樓(lou)(lou)，改造周圍環境并(bing)進行綠(lv)化美化，使之成為現代文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、古代文(wen)(wen)化交融(rong)的北(bei)京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中又一(yi)處(chu)景觀。

遺跡維護

修(xiu)復后全長(chang)約500米(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)壁為(wei)(wei)下石上(shang)(shang)磚，內(nei)(nei)為(wei)(wei)土心。墻(qiang)基厚(hou)18.08米(mi)，墻(qiang)體高(gao)10.72米(mi)，城(cheng)頂(ding)(ding)寬15.2米(mi)，雉堞高(gao)約1.8米(mi)。城(cheng)垣外(wai)側圍筑(zhu)“馬(ma)面”，上(shang)(shang)建城(cheng)垛，城(cheng)垣內(nei)(nei)沿筑(zhu)宇(yu)墻(qiang)。“馬(ma)面”是(shi)凸出(chu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)側的墩臺，一般長(chang)14米(mi)，寬13米(mi)，間距80～90米(mi)。城(cheng)垣上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)硬山頂(ding)(ding)鋪房(fang)，供守城(cheng)士兵休息和存(cun)放武器之用；城(cheng)垣內(nei)(nei)側有(you)(you)可供上(shang)(shang)下的馬(ma)道(dao)。2003年建成明(ming)城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)公(gong)園；