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遺跡簡介

明北京城墻遺址是市級文物保護單位。位于(yu)西二環路南端，東南角樓以西。

遺跡來源

明(ming)北(bei)京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺址(zhi)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)正(zheng)統四年(nian)(nian)（1439年(nian)(nian)），此處(chu)(chu)遺址(zhi)是內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)西(xi)南角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。北(bei)京原有4道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，為(wei)紫禁(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西(xi)便門是屬于(yu)(yu)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)段的(de)(de)一部(bu)分，建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)1553年(nian)(nian)。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均已拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)。這段城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)是1988年(nian)(nian)在原古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)基礎(chu)上修(xiu)復(fu)的(de)(de)。因年(nian)(nian)久(jiu)失修(xiu)，逐(zhu)漸傾塌，“文(wen)(wen)革”中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚大(da)部(bu)被(bei)拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)，僅(jin)留100余米長(chang)的(de)(de)殘跡。連(lian)接角(jiao)(jiao)樓(lou)的(de)(de)百余米城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)于(yu)(yu)1981年(nian)(nian)修(xiu)葺，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上重建(jian)(jian)硬(ying)山頂灰筒瓦卷棚(peng)頂鋪房3間。1987年(nian)(nian)市文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)與西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)政府撥款(kuan)150萬元(yuan)，拆(chai)遷違章建(jian)(jian)筑和臨時住戶，修(xiu)復(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，保留7處(chu)(chu)斷(duan)面遺跡，并修(xiu)復(fu)了舊樓(lou)，改造(zao)周圍環(huan)境并進行綠化(hua)(hua)美化(hua)(hua)，使之成為(wei)現代文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、古代文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交融的(de)(de)北(bei)京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中又一處(chu)(chu)景(jing)觀。

遺跡維護

修復后全長約500米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)內外壁為(wei)下石上(shang)磚(zhuan)，內為(wei)土(tu)心(xin)。墻(qiang)(qiang)基厚18.08米，墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)高10.72米，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂寬(kuan)15.2米，雉堞高約1.8米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)外側(ce)圍筑(zhu)“馬(ma)面(mian)”，上(shang)建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垛，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)內沿(yan)筑(zhu)宇墻(qiang)(qiang)。“馬(ma)面(mian)”是凸出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外側(ce)的墩臺，一般長14米，寬(kuan)13米，間距80～90米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)上(shang)有(you)硬山頂鋪房，供守(shou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)士兵休息和存放武(wu)器(qi)之(zhi)用；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)內側(ce)有(you)可(ke)供上(shang)下的馬(ma)道。2003年(nian)建(jian)成明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)遺址公園；